โ†

๐Ÿ“„ Earnings Call Transcript ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๐Ÿ“Š Presentation

Original Translation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM) Q3 2025 Earnings Call October 14, 2025 8:30 AM EDT

Company Participants

Jeremy Barnum - Executive VP & CFO
James Dimon - Chairman & CEO

Conference Call Participants

John McDonald - Truist Securities, Inc., Research Division
Glenn Schorr - Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division
Betsy Graseck - Morgan Stanley, Research Division
Ebrahim Poonawala - BofA Securities, Research Division
Michael Mayo - Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division
Gerard Cassidy - RBC Capital Markets, Research Division
L.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM) 2025๋…„ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ 2025๋…„ 10์›” 14์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ 30๋ถ„ EDT

ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์„์ž

Jeremy Barnum - ์ „๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฒธ CFO
James Dimon - ํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CEO

์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ ์ฐธ์„์ž

John McDonald - Truist Securities, Inc., ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
Glenn Schorr - Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
Betsy Graseck - Morgan Stanley, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
Ebrahim Poonawala - BofA Securities, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
Michael Mayo - Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
Gerard Cassidy - RBC Capital Markets, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
L.
Erika Penala - UBS Investment Bank, Research Division
James Mitchell - Seaport Research Partners
Kenneth Usdin - Bernstein Autonomous LLP
Christopher McGratty - Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to JPMorgan Chase's Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. This call is being recorded. Your line will be muted for the duration of the call. We will now go live to the presentation. The presentation is available on JPMorgan Chase's website. Please refer to the disclaimer in the back concerning forward-looking statements. Please stand by.
์—๋ฆฌ์นด ํŽ˜๋‚ ๋ผ - UBS ์ธ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋จผํŠธ ๋ฑ…ํฌ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ฏธ์ฒผ - ์‹œํฌํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์Šค
์ผ€๋„ค์Šค ์–ด์Šค๋”˜ - ๋ฒˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ์–ดํ† ๋…ธ๋จธ์Šค LLP
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ๋งฅ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ‹ฐ - ํ‚คํ”„, ๋ธŒ๋คผ์—ํŠธ ์•ค ์šฐ์ฆˆ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ

๋ฐœํ‘œ

์šด์˜์ž

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์‹ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. JP๋ชจ๊ฑด ์ฒด์ด์Šค์˜ 2025๋…„ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋…น์Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ™” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํšŒ์„ ์ด ์Œ์†Œ๊ฑฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” JP๋ชจ๊ฑด ์ฒด์ด์Šค ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ „๋ง ์ง„์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์ฑ…์กฐํ•ญ์€ ๋’ท๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
At this time, I would now like to turn the call over to JPMorgan Chase's Chairman and CEO, Jamie Dimon; and Chief Financial Officer, Jeremy Barnum. Mr. Barnum, please go ahead. Jeremy Barnum
Executive VP & CFO

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Let me begin by noting that this quarter, we are experimenting with shorter prepared remarks. We're streamlining this part of the call to move more quickly to your questions and to minimize the amount of time spent on repeating what you have already seen in the earnings materials. So with that, turning to this quarter's results, the firm reported net income of $14.4 billion and EPS of $5.07 with an ROTCE of 20%.
์ด์ œ JPMorgan Chase์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CEO์ธ ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค์ด๋จผ(Jamie Dimon)๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ณ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ”๋„˜(Jeremy Barnum)์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋„˜ CFO๋‹˜, ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ ๋ฐ”๋„˜
๋ถ€์‚ฌ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CFO

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋” ์งง์€ ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹ค์  ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ตํ™”์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ด์ต 144์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต(EPS) 5.07๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ํ˜•์ž๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ (ROTCE)์€ 20%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Revenue of $47.1 billion was up 9% year-on-year, predominantly driven by higher markets revenue as well as higher fees across asset management, investment banking and payments. The increase in NII driven by the impact of balance sheet growth and mix was offset by the impact of lower rates. Expenses of $24.3 billion were up 8% year-on-year, driven by similar themes as in prior quarters, including higher volume and revenue-related expense. The detailed drivers are in the presentation. And credit costs were $3.4 billion with net charge-offs of $2.6 billion and a net reserve build of $810 million.๋งค์ถœ์€ 471์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 9% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ, ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰, ๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII) ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ์€ 243์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 8% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋งค์ถœ ์—ฐ๋™ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ „ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋™์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ์šฉ๋น„์šฉ์€ 34์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ 26์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์ˆœ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ๋ฆฝ์€ 8์–ต 1์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In Wholesale, charge-offs were slightly elevated as a result of a couple of instances of apparent fraud in certain secured lending facilities. Otherwise, in both Wholesale and Consumer, credit performance remains in line with our expectations. And in terms of the balance sheet, we ended the quarter with a CET1 ratio of 14.8%, down 30 basis points versus the prior quarter. You can see the puts and takes in the presentation. This quarter's higher RWA is primarily driven by increases in wholesale lending across both Banking and Markets as well as other markets activities. Moving to our businesses. CCB reported net income of $5 billion.๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต(Wholesale)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ ์ƒํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ํ˜น ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†์‹ค์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์ด ์†Œํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ธˆ์œต ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ง CET1 ๋น„์œจ์ด 14.8%๋กœ ์ „ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 30bp ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์—ญ์€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์ž์‚ฐ(RWA) ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ Banking๊ณผ Markets ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋„๋งค๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™œ๋™ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, CCB๋Š” ์ˆœ์ด์ต 50์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Revenue of $19.5 billion was up 9% year-on-year, predominantly driven by higher NII, largely incurred on higher revolving balances. A few points to highlight. Consumers and small businesses remain resilient based on our data. While we are closely watching the potentially softening labor market, our credit metrics, including early-stage delinquencies remain stable and slightly better than expected. We retained our #1 position in retail deposit share in a relatively flat deposit market based on FDIC data, marking our fifth consecutive year leading the industry.๋งค์ถœ 195์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 9% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋ฆฌ๋ณผ๋น™ ์ž”์•ก์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII) ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ €ํฌ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. FDIC ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋งค ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์ ์œ ์œจ 1์œ„ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ ๋„ํ•œ ์ง€ 5๋…„ ์—ฐ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And in light of the attention our Sapphire refresh has received, we want to note that this has already been the best year ever for new account acquisitions for our Sapphire portfolio. CIB reported net income of $6.9 billion. Revenue of $19.9 billion was up 17% year-on-year, driven by higher revenues across markets, payments, investment banking and security services. To give a bit more color, IB fees were up 16% year-on-year, reflecting a pickup in activity across products with particular strength in equity underwriting as the IPO market was active. Our pipeline remains robust and the outlook, along with the market backdrop and client sentiment continues to be upbeat.๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ Sapphire ๋ฆฌ๋‰ด์–ผ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ Sapphire ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ„์ขŒ ํš๋“์— ์žˆ์–ด ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•ด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CIB๋Š” 69์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ถœ์€ 199์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 17% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์ผ“, ๊ฒฐ์ œ, ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰์—…๋ฌด, ์ฆ๊ถŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, IB ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 16% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” IPO ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ฃผ์‹ ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ „ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๋ง๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In Markets, fixed income was up 21% year-on-year with higher revenues in rates and credit as well as strong performance in securitized products. Equities was up 33% from robust client activity across the franchise with notable outperformance in prime. Turning to Asset & Wealth Management. AWM reported net income of $1.7 billion with pretax margin of 36%. Record revenue of $6.1 billion was up 12% year-on-year, predominantly driven by growth in management fees due to strong net inflows and higher average market levels as well as higher brokerage activity. Long-term net inflows were $72 billion for the quarter, led by fixed income and equities.๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์œ ๋™ํ™” ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 21% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹์€ ํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ 33% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ(AWM) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AWM์€ ์„ธ์ „ ๋งˆ์ง„ 36%๋กœ 17์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๋งค์ถœ 61์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 12% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆœ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์šด์šฉ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐœ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œ ์ž…์€ 720์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‹์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
AUM of $4.6 trillion was up 18% year-on-year, and client assets of $6.8 trillion were up 20% year-on-year, driven by continued net inflows and higher market levels. And before turning to the outlook, Corporate reported net income of $825 million and revenue of $1.7 billion. In terms of the outlook, since we've already reported 3 quarters of results, I'm going to update the full year guidance in terms of the fourth quarter. And in addition to that, we've done the implied full year math on the page, so you can easily compare it to previous guidance. We expect fourth quarter NII ex Markets to be approximately $23.5 billion and fourth quarter total NII to be about $25 billion.์šด์šฉ์ž์‚ฐ(AUM) 4์กฐ 6์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 18% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ 6์กฐ 8์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ˆœ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ƒ์Šน์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 20% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆœ์ด์ต 8์–ต 2์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ๋งค์ถœ 17์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ง๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ด๋ฏธ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์ „ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์™€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ œ์™ธ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII)์€ ์•ฝ 235์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ด ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต์€ ์•ฝ 250์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We expect fourth quarter adjusted expense to be approximately $24.5 billion, implying $95.9 billion for the full year with the increase driven by the stronger revenue environment. And on credit, we now expect the 2025 card net charge-off rate to be approximately 3.3% on favorable delinquency trends driven by the continued resilience of the consumer. In keeping with our focus on the fourth quarter and recognizing that you'll likely annualize the fourth quarter NII and ask us questions about 2026, we're providing the central case for NII ex Markets in 2026, which is about $95 billion.4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ • ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์•ฝ 245์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 959์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์—ฐ์ฒด ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 2025๋…„ ์นด๋“œ ์ˆœ์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 3.3%๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ NII๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์œจํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ 2026๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ, 2026๋…„ ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ NII์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ 950์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Note that this is a preliminary view subject to the usual caveats as well as the fact that we have not finished the annual budget cycle yet. And for expenses, completing the budget cycle will be even more important, which is why we are not providing an update today. While you probably haven't spent a lot of time refining your 2026 estimates yet, it is worth saying that when we look at the fourth quarter and adjust for seasonality and expected labor inflation as well as adding some growth, the consensus of about $100 billion does look a little bit low.์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์•„์ง ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์•„์ง 2026๋…„ ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์•ฝ 1,000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ปจ์„ผ์„œ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We will formally provide the 2026 outlook for NII, expense and card NCO rate at the fourth quarter earnings, and we'll have another opportunity to discuss the outlook at our recently announced company update in February. We're now happy to take your questions. So let's open the line for Q&A.์ €ํฌ๋Š” 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์‹œ NII, ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์นด๋“œ NCO ๋น„์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2026๋…„ ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ 2์›” ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

โ€ข ์‹ค์  ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ:
- ์ˆœ์ด์ต 144์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, EPS 5.07๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ROTCE 20% ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ
- ๋งค์ถœ 471์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 9% ์ฆ๊ฐ€
- CET1 ๋น„์œจ 14.8%๋กœ ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 30bp ํ•˜๋ฝ

โ€ข ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์‹ค์ :
- ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ธˆ์œต(CCB): ์ˆœ์ด์ต 50์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์‹ ์šฉ์ง€ํ‘œ ์•ˆ์ •์ 
- ๊ธฐ์—…ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์œต(CIB): ์ˆœ์ด์ต 69์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, IB ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ 16% ์ฆ๊ฐ€
- ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ(AWM): ์ˆœ์ด์ต 17์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, AUM 4.6์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 18% ์ฆ๊ฐ€

โ€ข 2026๋…„ ์ „๋ง:
- NII(์‹œ์žฅ ์ œ์™ธ) ์•ฝ 950์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ
- ๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ 1,000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ปจ์„ผ์„œ์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง
- 2์›” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ค๋ช…ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ์˜ˆ์ •

โ€ข ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ๊ธ์ •์  ํ†ค์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฑ…ํ‚น ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚™๊ด€์  ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž„

โ€ข ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์š”์ธ: ๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€์†์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์•ฝํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์ง€์†


โ“ Q&A

Original Translation
Operator: Our first question comes from John McDonald with Truist Securities.**Operator:** ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Truist Securities์˜ John McDonald๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
John McDonald: Truist Securities, Inc., Research Division Thanks for the initial outlook on the 2026 NII. Jeremy, I wanted to ask about the retail deposit assumptions that were embedded in that. At Investor Day, you discussed an expectation for deposits to grow 3% year-over-year by the fourth quarter and I think accelerating to 6% next year. It looks like they were flat this quarter. So I just wanted to see if you're still expecting those kind of previously expected growth rates of 3% and 6%.**John McDonald:** 2026๋…„ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jeremy, ๊ทธ ์ „๋ง์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ผ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ๋‚ ์—์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 3% ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” 6%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด์ „์— ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ 3%์™€ 6%์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Yes. Good question, John. Thanks for that. So yes, you're referring specifically to a page that was presented at Investor Day by Marianne for the CCB with some illustrative scenarios for what we might expect CCB deposit growth to do as a function of some different potential macroeconomic scenarios. And in the kind of then prevailing central case scenario, you can say we had 3% growth in the fourth quarter of this year and 6% projected for 2026. So as we sit here right now and we sort of update the macro environment, a few things are true. One is the personal savings rate is a little bit lower than expected. Consumer spending remained robust, while income was a bit lower. So that's all else equal, decreasing balances per account in CCB. And as you obviously know, equity market performance has been particularly strong, which is driving flows into investments, and we are capturing that in our Wealth Management business. But again, that's a little bit of a headwind balances per account. And relative to the scenario that we had at the time, rates are a little bit higher than what was in the forwards, and that is producing, again, slightly higher than otherwise expected yield-seeking flow. They're still below the peak but they're still a factor. So as we look forward from here, the drivers are still in place. So if you break it down, a key driver is obviously ongoing net new accounts. And if you look at this quarter, it's been strong with over 400,000 net new checking accounts this quarter. And so what you're left with is just the question of how that average balance per customer evolves and when you hit the inflection point of that number based on the factors that we've just gone through. And so at the margin, that kind of upward inflection point has been pushed out a little bit. But at a high level, we remain kind of quite confident about the overall long-term trajectory here and optimistic but the macro environment shift has just slightly pushed out some of the growth inflection dynamics.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์กด. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ๋‚ ์— ๋งค๋ฆฌ์•ค์ด CCB๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ CCB ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— 3% ์„ฑ์žฅ, 2026๋…„์—๋Š” 6% ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ „๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ €์ถ•๋ฅ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ์€ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ๋“์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด CCB์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋‹น ์ž”๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํˆฌ์ž ์ž๊ธˆ ์œ ์ž…์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋‹น ์ž”๊ณ ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญํ’ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ž๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๋ ฅ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋™๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ˆœ๊ณ„์ขŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด 40๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋‹น์ขŒ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๊ณ„์ขŒ ์ˆœ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ์ž”์•ก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์Šน ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ถค๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์˜ ์—ญํ•™์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ค„๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
John McDonald: Truist Securities, Inc., Research Division Got it. That's helpful. And maybe just sticking with that 2026 initial outlook. What are some of the other key assumptions in there, particularly around commercial deposits and maybe loan growth and rates?**John McDonald:** 2026๋…„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ˆ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .

๊ธฐ์—…์˜ˆ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šด์˜๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์œ ์ž…์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ณ„์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฝ์ด ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๋„ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Sure. Yes. So as we always do, we're using the current forward curves as of September 30. So that has whatever the relevant cuts are, I think the impact of the 75 basis points of cuts this year, and I think as of the end of September, it was 25 basis point cuts in the first half of 2026. So that, all else equal, is obviously a headwind as we remain asset sensitive and the annualization of this year and the first half of next year. And then offsetting that, you have all the growth dynamics, which include card revolve growth, which has been obviously a significant tailwind but it's going to slow down a little bit given that the normalization of revolve is close to complete now but we still see very healthy acquisition dynamics there. So that will be a growth driver, albeit a little bit lower. And similarly, I mean, pivoting a little bit to deposits for a second. We just talked about the contribution of deposit balance growth to that, which will be a factor. In Wholesale deposits, it was a very strong growth year this year. So we would expect it to be a little bit more muted next year but the core franchise is doing great. And then wholesale loan growth will kind of be what it is but the trends there are solid. So it's the usual mix of rate headwinds offsetting balanced growth and mix. So we'll refine it more next quarter, and we'll see how it goes.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด 9์›” 30์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ ๋„๊ณก์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ฌํ•ด 75๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ธํ•˜์™€ 9์›” ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 2026๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— 25๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด์™€ ๋‚ด๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์—ญํ’์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋™๋ ฅ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์นด๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณผ๋น™ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆœํ’์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ฆฌ๋ณผ๋น™์˜ ์ •์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‘”ํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ™•๋ณด ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž ๊น ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์ž”๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋งค ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ(Wholesale deposits)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์™„๋งŒํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„๋งค ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ผ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์ชฝ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์—ญํ’์ด ์ž”๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฏน์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์ด์ฃ . ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๊ณ , ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Next, we will go to the line of Glenn Schorr with Evercore.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ Evercore์˜ Glenn Schorr ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Glenn Schorr: Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division I wanted to drill down a little bit more on credit. And you gave us enough, I think, on the Consumer side. You noted the idiosyncratic names on the broadly syndicated side. So maybe if we could step back and say, you're a big player in obviously, everything, broadly syndicated loans, high-yield markets and increasingly on the private debt side. So my question is both of demand and credit fundamentals, what are you seeing in terms of drivers of client demand there on the lending side on the Wholesale front? And then importantly, are you seeing differentiated credit fundamentals across public and private markets because there's been a lot of discussion about that lately, and I feel like you're like in the best position to help us.**Glenn Schorr:** ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ ์‹ ๋””์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํŠน์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ ์‹ ๋””์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋Œ€์ถœ, ํ•˜์ด์ผ๋“œ ์‹œ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋” ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ฐํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์‹ ์šฉ ํŽ€๋”๋ฉ˜ํ„ธ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋„๋งค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์‹ ์šฉ ํŽ€๋”๋ฉ˜ํ„ธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€์š”? ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Okay. I'll do my best to try to help. So let me just get one thing out of the way because you were sort of polite enough not to touch on it but I already kind of disclosed it on the press call. We generally, as you know, Glenn, are not in the habit of talking about individual borrower situations. But given the amount of public attention the Tricolor thing has gotten in particular, I think it's worth just saying that, that's contributing $170 million of charge-offs in the quarter, which we call out on the wholesale side. Also worth noting, there's been a lot of attention on the First Brands situation. We don't have any exposure to them. So anyway, that's just worth getting out of the way. So you asked about demand and you asked about public-private differentiation. On the demand side, I really think -- I mean, not to overuse the phrase but from the perspective of our franchise, this kind of moment of revived animal spirits, let's say, is driving demand. We're seeing very healthy deal flow. We're seeing acquisition finance come back. Obviously, we were very involved in a particularly large deal this quarter. And I would say broadly, and maybe this goes a little bit also to the public private point, our kind of product-agnostic credit strategy across the whole continuum is playing out very nicely. And I think some of the events of the quarter prove that like when you've got something big to do, we're the right people to call and we'll give you the best solution across a very complete full product suite. You asked whether we're seeing differentiation in fundamentals between private and public spaces. I don't know. I haven't heard that particularly. I think it probably depends a little bit on how you define the spaces and what you're differentiating. Like obviously, to make the obvious point, like subprime auto has been a challenging space for people in that industry but that's probably not quite what you meant by private credit. And I haven't heard anything to suggest that the private deals are performing differently from the public deals. It probably is true at the margin that some of the new direct lending initiatives involve underwriting at slightly higher expected losses, and that's significant because as we've been discussing here, the wholesale charge-off rate has been very, very low for a long time. And I think simply having that normalized would produce some increases in wholesale charge-offs. And obviously, as we've been discussing a lot in consumer over the last couple of years, when you're in that normalization moment, you're constantly wondering, is this normalization or have we switched to deterioration. I don't know if we're seeing that yet in Wholesale but it's also worth noting that the current portfolio is going to have a slightly different mix from what we have had over the last 10 or 15 years. And so the expected charge-off rate is going to be a little bit higher, all else equal but obviously, that comes with appropriate revenues and returns.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ˆ์˜์ƒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๋ก  ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ฃผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ Tricolor ๊ฑด์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณต์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์ด ๊ฑด์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋„๋งค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ 1์–ต 7์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์†์‹ค(charge-offs)์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ First Brands ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต-๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ˆ˜์š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ •๋ง๋กœ - ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚œ ๋™๋ฌผ์  ๋ณธ๋Šฅ(animal spirits)์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ๋”œ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ธˆ์œต์ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ-์‚ฌ๋ชจ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์™€๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ, ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ์†์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ก ์  ์‹ ์šฉ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•  ์ ์ž„์ž์ด๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ’€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์Šค์œ„ํŠธ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น—๊ณผ ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŽ€๋”๋ฉ˜ํ„ธ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋А๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„œ๋ธŒํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ์˜คํ† (subprime auto)๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์˜์—ญ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง(private credit)์—์„œ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋”œ๋“ค์ด ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ๋”œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์†์‹ค๋ฅ ๋กœ ์ธ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์™”๋“ฏ์ด ๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ (charge-off rate)์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ƒํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ด ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ •์ƒํ™” ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ƒํ™”์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต์—์„œ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 10-15๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ณด์œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ (charge-off rate)์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Next, we will go to the line of Betsy Graseck from Morgan Stanley.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ ์น˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„น ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Betsy Graseck: Morgan Stanley, Research Division One follow-up on that is on the reserve build. I know that you mentioned largely due to card loan growth. But could you give us a sense as to how you're thinking about the reserve that you have against the commercial book, especially given what you just mentioned around the mix of the portfolio is different today than it was prior cycle, I'm thinking prior cycle means pre-COVID but let me know if it's a different time frame that you're thinking about.**Betsy Graseck:** ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ๋ฆฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ญ™๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ์นด๋“œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒ์—… ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ด์ „ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฑด์ง€๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Well, I mean, I think we were thinking the entire post-GFC era. I think a couple of Investor Days ago, we put up a slide showing that wholesale charge-off rate over 10 years. I might be wrong but from memory, it was like 0 on a net basis, which is obviously not reasonable going forward. But on your narrow question about the reserve, I think you've actually seen that a little bit. I mean, maybe it doesn't pop in the consolidated numbers. But in some of the recent quarters, as we've sort of started doing some more of these direct lending deals, when we put those deals on the books, they come with quite significant day 1 reserve balances. So in the normal course, that growth comes with healthy reserves. And hopefully, we get the underwriting right, and we got all that money back, obviously. So -- but yes, as you well know, our entire Wholesale reserve methodology is highly granular and very specific. And so to the extent that the mix shifts, the loan growth will come with slightly higher reserve intensity, but that will be situation by situation.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ(GFC) ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ๋‚  ์ „์— 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋„๋งค ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋“ค์„ ์žฅ๋ถ€์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ์ฒซ๋‚  ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ž”์•ก๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ๋”๋ผ์ดํŒ…์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €ํฌ ๋„๋งค๊ธˆ์œต ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏน์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ๋ฆฝ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Betsy Graseck: Morgan Stanley, Research Division Okay. Perfect. And then just the follow-up is on how you're thinking about your excess capital utilization. I know yesterday you had the press release on leaning into industries that are critical for U.S. security, et cetera. And maybe you could speak a little bit to that incremental $500 billion, is it that you're talking about, supporting growth of over the next 10 years relative to the potential for a dividend hike. I mean you could do both, obviously. But I did just want to understand the press release yesterday in that context as well as the opportunity set for a dividend hike.**Betsy Graseck:** ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์•ˆ๋ณด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ 5์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ œ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Sure, fine. And yes, you kind of answered your own question a little bit and that like it is kind of an all of the above thing. Although obviously, we're not going to give forward guidance on buybacks or dividend policy. But as you know, yes, we're generating a lot of organic capital. We have a very large access. We've kind of said that we wanted to rush the growth of the access. We've more or less done that since we set it. And that's actually enabling us -- well -- and in the meantime, we've actually grown RWA quite a bit, which has resulted in some actual decreases in the CET1 ratio. So -- as we all know, we don't love buying back the stock at these levels but we want to keep the excess reasonable. And in the meantime, we're using our financial resources to lend into the real economy very broadly across the entire franchise. And yes, yesterday's press release is an extension of that. So both, in terms of what we were already going to do in the normal course plus an aspiration to add another $0.5 trillion of this type of lending at the margin. That's the type of RWA growth that consumes excess. And obviously, in the context of the excess, $10 billion of direct equity investments that are incremental is a nice deployment of a modest portion of the excess. And obviously, it's not going to happen instantaneously. So I think all of the above is probably the short answer to your question.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์ž์‚ฐ(RWA)์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณดํ†ต์ฃผ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋ณธ๋น„์œจ(CET1 ratio)์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต ์ž์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ „์ฒด ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹ค๋ฌผ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค, ์–ด์ œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 5์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ RWA(์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์ž์‚ฐ) ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ 100์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ์ง€๋ถ„ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ท€ํ•˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Next, we will go to the line of Ebrahim Poonawala with Bank of America.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฑ…ํฌ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—๋ธŒ๋ผํž˜ ํ‘ธ๋‚˜์™ˆ๋ผ ์”จ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ebrahim Poonawala: BofA Securities, Research Division I guess maybe, Jamie, a broader question, like when we read the quote from Jamie in the press release, customers are resilient, but there's still massive amounts of uncertainty. I'm just wondering if based on what you see, both Commercial versus Consumer, are things getting better as we look into '26? Or does it feel like we are at a tipping point where we could see a slump in unemployment over the coming months that then leads to concerns around the credit cycle. Just if there's a bias that you have on how things could play out, that would be helpful color.**Ebrahim Poonawala:** ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2026๋…„์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Sure. I mean, Jamie may have his own personal opinions here but I think that at a high level, the story that we're trying to tell is one that's anchored on the current facts. And the current facts on the consumer side is that the consumer is resilient, spending is strong and delinquency rates are actually coming in below expectations. So those are facts that we really can't escape. Now talking to our economists, I was struck by something that Mike Farley said about thinking about the current labor market in this moment of what people are describing as a low hiring, low firing moment. You can think of that as potentially explained by employers experiencing high uncertainty. and so if you believe that and you think about This moment as a moment of high uncertainty, I think tipping point is a little bit too strong a word. But certainly, as you look ahead, there are risks. We already have slowing growth. There are a variety of challenges and sources of volatility and uncertainty. And so it's pretty easy to imagine a world where the labor market deteriorates from here. And if that happens, obviously, as you will know, we're going to see worse consumer credit performance. So I wouldn't say we're pounding the table with this view but we're just noting as we always do, that there are risks and that the fact that things are fine now doesn't mean they're guaranteed to be great forever.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ €ํฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด์„œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ธ์ƒ ๊นŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฑ„์šฉ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•ด๊ณ '์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ๋“ค์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋†’์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์•ž์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‘”ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์ „๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์‹ ์šฉ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ebrahim Poonawala: BofA Securities, Research Division Among shareholders, whether AI and AI-driven productivity gains mean something for the banks as we look out over the next 2 to 3 years. You all have obviously talked about this at the Investor Day. I'm just trying to contextualize when you talk about the expense growth outlook or just sort of preliminary indication for next year, how should bank shareholders think about AI-led productivity gains in terms of making a dent on the expense growth either next year or for the next few years?**Ebrahim Poonawala:** ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” AI์™€ AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ํ–ฅํ›„ 2-3๋…„๊ฐ„ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ๋‚ ์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์€ํ–‰ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์€ AI ์ฃผ๋„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋‚ด๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Yes. So I'll give you my personal opinion about this. I certainly would presume to tell people how to think about this at the system as a whole. But I think the risk is because of how incredibly overwhelming the AI theme is for the whole marketplace right now and all the various effects that it's having in terms of equity market performance, MAG 7, data center build-out, electricity costs, like it's an overwhelming thing. And I think for us, running a company of this type, we need to make sure we stay anchored in like facts and reality and tangible outcomes. So we're putting a lot of energy into this. A lot of people are spending a lot of time on it. We're spending a lot of money on it. We have very deep experts. As Jamie always says, we've been doing it for a long time, well before the current generative AI boom. But in the end, the proof is going to be in the pudding in terms of actually slowing the growth of expenses. And so what we're doing is kind of rather than saying you must prove that you're generating this much savings from AI, which turns out to be a very hard thing to do, hard to prove and might, at the margin result in people scrambling around to use AI in ways that are actually not efficient and that distract you from doing underlying process reengineering that you need to do. What we're saying instead is let's just do old-fashioned expense discipline and constrain people's growth, constrain people's headcount growth. We've talked about that last year. We're going to do the same this year, have a very strong bias against having the reflective response to any given need to be to hire more people and feeling a little bit more confident on our ability to put that pressure on the organization because we know that even if we can't always measure it that precisely, there are definitely productivity tailwinds from AI. So that's how we're going to do it. And hopefully, that will show up in lower growth than we would have had otherwise. But a lot of the drivers of growth, which are per capita labor inflation and revenue-related expense and investments are always going to be there. We're never going to stop doing those things. So that's how we think about it.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ AI ํ…Œ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์••๋„์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณผ, MAG 7, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์ „๋ ฅ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ์••๋„์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์Ÿ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ๋„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑํ˜• AI ๋ถ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘”ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฆ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 'AI๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  - ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๊ณ , ์ž์นซํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ AI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ—ˆ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋‘ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ž‘๋…„์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ทจํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ AI๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™๋ ฅ์ธ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋น„์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our next question comes from Mike Mayo with Wells Fargo Securities.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Wells Fargo Securities์˜ Mike Mayo๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Michael Mayo: Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division If I could get an answer to this from both you, Jeremy, and Jamie, the question really is how much of a risk is the lending to the NDFIs? Just -- I mean, because you guys are always outfront highlighting what could happen, whether it's cyber or as you point, labor market or inflation. And I feel like you haven't really highlighted this as a potential risk area. Maybe that's because you don't perceive it as such, but you have Tricolor, you have First Brands. One area of your biggest growth, I think, has been NDFIs over the last year. So I'm just trying to put this in some sort of context that as it relates to Tricolor, who bears the losses? Does end investors in the funds? Is it -- do you put skin in the game and have your own investments? Are you an underwriter? Where are you exposed? So I guess I'm asking JPMorgan specifically but then Jamie more generally for the industry. Is this something that's flashing yellow that you are spending more time on? How should we think about that?**Michael Mayo:** NDFI ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์™€ ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‘ ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ NDFI ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋“ฑ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋จผ์ € ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, Tricolor๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  First Brands๋„ ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”. ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ NDFI์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ข€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, Tricolor์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์†์‹ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง์ ‘ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์„œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์–ธ๋”๋ผ์ดํ„ฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์–ด๋””์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? JPMorgan์— ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Right. So let me do what you asked, Mike, and put a little bit of context around this. So a couple -- let's do some housekeeping first. So you talked about Tricolor, you talked about First Brands. I just want to reiterate, we do not have any exposure to First Brands. On Tricolor, it represents $170 million of the wholesale charge-off this quarter. Obviously, by definition, that reflects on-balance sheet loans that we're charging off. And with respect to other exposures, I don't really have anything additional to say about that at this point. It will play out as it plays out. But in the normal course, we're always quite conservative about taking all possible hits that we can based on what's knowable upfront. So take that for whatever it's worth. More generally, I think one thing that's important to say in terms of context about NBFI lending is that the vast majority of that type of lending that we do is highly secured or in some way, structured or securitized. In other words, it's not like we're doing extremely high-risk, low-rated lending for the NBFI community. And so that doesn't mean that there's no risk. That doesn't mean that things can't go wrong. And obviously, if you're doing secured lending and there are problems with the collateral, that's an issue, which is clearly relevant in the case of Tricolor. So -- and we've talked a lot about the question about risk inside the regulated perimeter versus risk outside the perimeter. But we've also acknowledged that a lot of the private credit actors are large, very sophisticated, very good at credit underwriting. So I don't think you're supposed to the confusion that there are necessarily lower standards there or a huge systemic problem. And to the extent that we lend to some of these folks who are clients of ours as well as competitors of ours, that lending follows our normal practices. It's often highly secured. And everything we do is in one way or another risky. But I'm not sure that our lending to the NBFI community is an area of risk that we see as more elevated than other areas of risk, I guess, is what I would say.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ข€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Tricolor์™€ First Brands์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” First Brands์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Tricolor์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋„๋งค ์ƒ๊ฐ์•ก ์ค‘ 1์–ต 7์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ •์˜์ƒ ์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†์‹ค์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NBFI ๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ถŒํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ NBFI ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฌผ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” Tricolor ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹ ์šฉ(private credit) ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์šฉ ์ธ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ NBFI(๋น„์€ํ–‰๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€) ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์˜์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chairman & CEO: Yes. Mike, I would just add that it's a very large category of nonbank financial institutions and probably a number like half of it, we would consider very traditional, not like different. There is a component, which is different today than it was years ago, and there's a component which isn't that different. But if you look at like COs, CLOs and lending to leveraged entities that are underwritten with leveraged loans, so there's kind of a little bit of double leverage in there. I would say that, yes, there will be additional risk in that category that we will see when we have a downturn. I expect to be a little bit worse than other people expect it to be because we don't know all the underwriting standards that all of these people did. Jeremy said these are very smart players. They know what they're doing. They've been around a long time but they're not all very smart. And we don't even know the standards that other banks underwriting to some of these entities. And I would suspect that some of those standards may not be as good as you think. Hopefully, we are very good, though we make our mistakes, too, obviously. So yes, I think you'd be a little bit worse. We've had a benign credit environment for so long that I think you may see credit in other places deteriorate a little bit more than people think when, in fact, there's a downturn. And hopefully, it will be a fairly normal credit cycle. What always happens is something is worse than a normal credit cycle than a normal downturn. So we'll see. But we think we're quite careful. And obviously, we scour the world looking for things that we should be worried about. But I do remind people, we've had a bull market for a long time. Asset prices are high, a lot of credit stuff that you would see out there, you will only see when there's a downturn.**Chairman & CEO:** ๋„ค, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ. ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด ๋น„์€ํ–‰ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ณ , ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ CDO(๋ถ€์ฑ„๋‹ด๋ณด๋ถ€์ฆ๊ถŒ), CLO(๋Œ€์ถœ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ถ€์ฆ๊ถŒ)๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ถœ๋กœ ์ธ์ˆ˜๋œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—…๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋„ค, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ณด๋‹ค, ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ…์ƒ…์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Michael Mayo: Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division And so just a short follow-up after Tricolor, again, this is a real tiny drop in the bucket for you guys but have you gone back and looked at your processes and done anything different?**Michael Mayo:** ํŠธ๋ผ์ด์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
Chairman & CEO: Yes. I mean, Michael, you should assume that whenever something happens, we scour all process, all procedures, all underwriting, all everything. And we think we're okay in other stuff. But I -- my antenna goes up when things like that happen. And I probably shouldn't say this but when you see one cockroach, there are probably more. And so we should -- everyone should be forewarn on this one. And first brands, I put in the same category. And there are a couple of other ones out that I've seen that I put in similar categories. So -- but we always look at these things, and we're not -- I'm nipping in. We make mistakes, too. So we'll see. There clearly was, in my opinion, fraud involved in a bunch of these things. But that doesn't mean we can't improve our procedures.**Chairman & CEO:** ๋„ค, ๋งˆ์ดํด, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์‚ฌ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ…์ƒ…์ด ๋’ค์ ธ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋‘์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํผ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜์— ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Next, we will go to the line of Gerard Cassidy with RBC Capital Markets.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ RBC ์บํ”ผํ„ธ ๋งˆ์ผ“์˜ ์ œ๋ผ๋“œ ์บ์‹œ๋”” ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Gerard Cassidy: RBC Capital Markets, Research Division Jeremy, obviously, you guys are in the residential mortgage lending market, big players granted home lending. When you look at the revenue relative to banking and wealth management, obviously, it's not that big. But I got a question for you. This administration seems to be -- when they come out with comments, they follow up on those comments with actions. And Secretary of the Treasury, Bessent has pointed out about a couple of months ago that he thinks there's a housing emergency in this country. And so the question for you guys is, what do you think they could do to lower the spread between mortgage rates and the corresponding treasury yield, assuming the treasury yields don't go down. But what do you think they can actively do to lower that spread to lower mortgage rates to get housing more active and refinancing activity, of course, would pick up with that.**Gerard Cassidy:** ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์šฉ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผํƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—…์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์€ํ–‰์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ์„ผํŠธ ์žฌ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์ด ์•ฝ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ฃผํƒ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ๊ตญ์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผํƒ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋” ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ํ™œ๋™๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chairman & CEO: So I'll take that one. First, on the supply side. I mean it's -- we know what it is. It's permitting, it's rules, it's local rules. It's how long it takes to get permits and build not my backyard, you can't build 2 stories in certain places. That's the supply side. The demand side -- and remember, don't always push homeownership. I was -- we made a huge mistake in the government policy years ago. But the supply side, we pointed out over and over and over again. I've been talking about it for years that they should focus on reducing requirements require and we think you reduce the cost of mortgages 30 to 40 basis points overall. without creating any additional risk. There is just excessive stuff put in place after the great financial crisis, which obviously demanded a response but it's excessive. Anyone to take it out a mortgage will tell you they had to sign 17 forms, 17 documents and all these things. So that to me is the most obvious one. And obviously, government policy, if the government wants to do more FHA, they can do that. But that's up to them about where they want to cheap in mortgages for near prime or all stuff like that. But if they did anything like that, I would say, always do it really thoughtfully.**Chairman & CEO:** ๋จผ์ € ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€, ๊ทœ์ œ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ทœ์ •๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋‹˜๋น„(NIMBY) ํ˜„์ƒ, ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” - ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฃผํƒ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 30~40๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ 17๊ฐœ์˜ ์–‘์‹, 17๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ FHA(์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ฃผํƒ์ฒญ) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋” ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ค€์šฐ๋Ÿ‰(near prime) ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์›ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Gerard Cassidy: RBC Capital Markets, Research Division Very good. And as a follow-up, just speaking about regulators in general, there's obviously been a major change with this administration. Can you guys give us any color of what you're actually seeing on the ground. We're, what, 9 months or so into this new administration with the new regulators? And then also any color on when you think Basel III end game may come out and what you're hearing in terms of how it will compare to what the original proposal was in July of '23.**Gerard Cassidy:** ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทœ์ œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ œ ๋‹น๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ํ›„ 9๊ฐœ์›” ์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ ค III ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ(Basel III end game)์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2023๋…„ 7์›” ์›๋ž˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Yes. Thanks for that, Gerard. So I agree with you. This administration is saying things and from what we're seeing, transitioning to action quite quickly. So what we're seeing from our engagement in Washington, and there's been some reporting in the press recently that's quite comprehensive on the evolution of potential new proposals, which is aligned with what we're hearing as well. But in general, there's a bias for action, getting things done quickly and they're looking at things quite comprehensively from what we see. And as you know, we've argued for a long time, Jamie has argued a lot that this is not about some overall calibration of the system, some like backsolving exercise for some number of whatever type. This is about looking at all the individual components of the capital rules understood holistically, doing the math right and letting that roll up to whatever answer it's going to be. And by the way, that answer is going to be different for different firms depending on their business mix. And that's okay. And that's part of the reason it doesn't really make sense to kind of try to calibrate to some overall level for the system. It's just like do the math right in a way that makes sense for the individual product or business area or source of risk, and you'll get a reasonable outcome the system. And from what we're hearing, that's very much the direction of travel. The relevant agencies are working well together. There's a sense of urgency. And so we're encouraged. And I would note actually, back to your first question, that one area where getting things right at the individual product level has relevance is allowing banks to play their appropriate role in the residential mortgage lending market when it -- in the instances where it makes sense, keep those instruments on the balance sheet, you want the capitalization of those to be reasonable and aligned with the risk. And again, from what we understand, that is the direction of travel. So in terms of timing, I mean, your guess is as good as mine. I think there have been some public comments, and I would just anchor myself on those and the press reporting. But we definitely hear a desire to get things done quickly. And these things are complicated. In some areas, we might have some disagreements at the margin. We'd still dislike G-SIB as a matter of principle. But we don't want to let the perfect be the enemy of the good here and what we're hearing is trending in the right direction.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ์ œ๋ผ๋“œ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ง๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ์–ธ๋ก ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ์•ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ๋„ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ผ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฐ ์ž‘์—… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋“  ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ฒด์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์˜์—ญ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์›์ฒœ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธด๋ฐ•๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ์— ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ์ž๋ณธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ œ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ถ”์ธก๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ธ๋ก  ๋ณด๋„์— ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ G-SIB(๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์  ์ค‘์š” ์€ํ–‰) ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•จ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์‹๋“ค์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chairman & CEO: Yes. And I just add the Dana number, they are doing that. They're looking at it holistically, that's great. But Dana number is right. I've said for years, G-SIB, CCAR, operational risk capital, double counting of the trading book, I mean it's just wrong. And some of these numbers are so inaccurate that they published that they should publish them with the disclosure saying, we know these are highly inaccurate like the CCAR test. We know that this is not remotely related to reality or stuff like that. So it's almost a dishonest disclosure of these things, like do the actual number. The second thing they really should do, which I think they're doing is what is the intended effect and what's the unintended effect. So we talk about -- we've gone from 8,000 public companies to 4,000 public companies. We've gone from pushing mortgages out of the banking system to a huge buildup in parts of the nonbank institutions and a huge amount of arbitrage taking place. I was a regulator, I'd be looking at all that and say, my God, is that what I wanted. And the biggest frustration is they couldn't fixed all these things, reduce liquidity, reduce capital, all these things and made the system safer. So we had a Silicon Valley Bank blow up because they're so focused on governance, they forgot to focus on interest rate exposure. And they are making changes that, like what is actually real risk banks are bearing as opposed to walk signaling on what a bank should be doing all the time. So hopefully, they'll do it. I think they're devoted to doing it. Like look at their words and their speeches, I'm talking about the OCC, the Fed, the FDIC. So I think it's very good. Let's get it done quickly.**Chairman & CEO:** ๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. G-SIB, CCAR, ์šด์˜๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์ž๋ณธ, ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋”ฉ ์žฅ๋ถ€์˜ ์ด์ค‘ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์„œ, ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CCAR ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ์˜๋„๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ -- ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…์ด 8,000๊ฐœ์—์„œ 4,000๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋น„์€ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ต๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  "๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์€ํ–‰์ด ํ„ฐ์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์—๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ต์Šคํฌ์ € ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์†Œํ™€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์€ํ–‰์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ‰์น˜๋ ˆ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋– ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OCC, ์—ฐ์ค€, FDIC์˜ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our next question comes from Erika Najarian with UBS.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ UBS์˜ ์—๋ฆฌ์นด ๋‚˜์ž๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
L. Erika Penala: UBS Investment Bank, Research Division My first one is for you, Jeremy. Under the category no good deed goes unpunished. Just wanted to ask a quick question on the expense outlook for '26. You mentioned that $100 billion could be a little low and that you're in the middle of the planning cycle. That would imply 4% growth year-over-year. Is that the sort of new normal labor rate inflation that we should assume at this point?**L. Erika Penala:** ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์„ ํ–‰์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, 2026๋…„ ๋น„์šฉ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1,000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 4% ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Okay. So yes, a couple of things about that. One is not to get too much into the weeds here but our expenses are a little bit seasonal. So annualizing the fourth quarter, like sometimes you get a bunch of offsets and it's like okay to do that, sometimes it's not. So we always try to do this based on a sort of launch point of the annualized fourth quarter rate. And while that's a reasonable thing to do for NII, it's a lot harder to do for expenses. But taking a step back for a second, I'm not telling you anything that you don't already know, like you can look at whatever ECI or whatever other government measure of labor cost inflation, we know that even while inflation is like a lot lower, we're very far from the moment in the mid-2010s where inflation was, for all intents and purposes, practically 0. So yes, I think the new normal for labor is some number like that, whatever, 3%, 4%. And it's not just labor, right? I mean, again, I don't want to fail to recognize the extent to which inflation has more or less come back to normal. But by normal, we mean the Fed's target. And for a while, it was below target. So whether it's labor or goods and services, not to get into tariffs or whatever, that's a factor that applies to our entire cost base. In addition to that, as we noted, we're going to invest where it makes sense. We're going to pay for performance to the extent that there's higher performance and also generally, higher revenues will be associated with other variable expenses. And then overlying all of that is the question of productivity. And it includes but is not limited to AI-driven productivity. So you can assume that we're going to be pushing hard on all fronts to extract as much productivity out of the organization as possible. But as is always true, we're going to try to keep that focus separate from our commitment to invest for growth in the places where we want to.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์œจํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ์‡„ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ฐ์œจํ™”๋œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ๊น ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ECI๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋น„์šฉ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“  ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 0%์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋„ค, ๋…ธ๋™๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 3%๋‚˜ 4% ์ •๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๋…ธ๋™๋น„์šฉ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜์—ˆ์ฃ . ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์ด๋“  ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ , ๊ด€์„ธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ ๋ผ๋„, ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ํ•ด, ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€๋™๋น„์šฉ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ์•ฝ์†๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chairman & CEO: And Erika, just add to that, medical, we spent $3 billion or so in medical. That's going to be up 10% next year. And so when you look at some of these things, and we know that already and maybe we think it actually might be up another 10% in 2027 for a whole bunch of different reasons. And that's one thing. The other thing about comp, I just want to point it out, there's normal inflation and pay-for-performance, all that. There's a lot of pressure on -- from other people who are paying people quite well, hedge funds, law firms, private equity, nonbank financial institutions, and we are going to pay our people competitively. That is sine qua non if you want to have a great company for the next 20 years. And so there's some of that, too. I'm not sure that it's going to change very much when you look at it but I would put in the back of your mind, too. It's probably good for you all to hear me say that. [ It will be true ] for research.**Chairman & CEO:** ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” 10% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๊ณ ์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ 2027๋…„์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ 10% ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณด์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ—ค์ง€ํŽ€๋“œ, ๋กœํŽŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ชจํŽ€๋“œ, ๋น„์€ํ–‰ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ์š”. ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
L. Erika Penala: UBS Investment Bank, Research Division I'll make sure to send this transcript to my boss. But the second question is actually for you, Jamie. You have always had a differentiated way of thinking about risk and a 2-part question for you. Number one, I feel like we don't even know what the right questions are to ask when it comes to NDFI exposure and risk, which is such a broad category. And so a 2-part question here. Number one, what would be the questions you think investors should ask when assessing NDFI exposure as it relates to future credit risk? And second, should investors be concerned about the SSFA accounting for RWAs in certain structures where you could lower the RWAs to NDFI exposures from 100% to something much lower?**L. Erika Penala:** ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ก์„ ์ œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, 2๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, NDFI ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €์™€ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2๋ถ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ ์šฉ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ NDFI ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‘˜์งธ, ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ NDFI ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ RWA๋ฅผ 100%์—์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ SSFA ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Got it. I used to know that acronym. It's a technical thing inside securitization where under some conditions, you can lower the RWA weighting.**Jeremy Barnum:** ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์œ ๋™ํ™” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ, ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ RWA ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chairman & CEO: Is that insurance related.**Chairman & CEO:** ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO No, it's for us. It's like a part of the rate cap rules. Yes. Do you want me to do that one first and you can do the first one? So even though I don't remember what the -- I think it's like standardized securitization, something, something. I forget what it stands for. But from what I recall about looking at that one, I think it is a mechanism by which you can take otherwise punitive risk weighting for certain types of structures and reduce it from 100 to 20 where arguably 20 is actually probably still too high because you've essentially mitigated the entire risk. So my first [indiscernible] of your question is all the things to worry about, I wouldn't worry about that whatever you want to call it. protection enhancement or risk weighting decrease in that narrow context. And on your question of like what questions to ask about the NBFI space in general, I mean, Jamie will have his views. But yes, I think it starts by acknowledging that like it's a very, very broad space. And so we probably need to narrow the focus a little bit. Like subprime auto is one thing, lending to like trillion asset is a very different thing. So...**Jeremy Barnum:** ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๋„ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ช…์นญ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ์š” - ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ์ฆ๊ถŒํ™” ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋„ค์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”, ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์›๋ž˜ ์ง•๋ฒŒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ 100์—์„œ 20์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์™„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 20๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€, ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…”๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ข์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  NBFI(๋น„์€ํ–‰๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€) ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ค, ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ขํ˜€์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ธŒํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ...
Chairman & CEO: Maybe we take a crack and tell you a little bit more about it. We feel fairly comfortable with our exposure in that. But I think what you should do is -- I think when we have a downturn, this is the important thing, there will be a credit cycle. And we shouldn't be surprised. The credit card losses go up, middle market loss go up, everything gets worse in a downturn in credit. I do suspect -- I can't prove this, and I don't know because we don't know everyone's underwriting standards. Every now and we see what someone else is doing, we're surprised that their standards are not particularly good, but that's always been true. I suspect when there's a downturn, you will see higher than normal downturn type of credit losses in certain categories. I just suspect that. And so the other thing, which you can do, which I'm going to ask Mike Grub to do for me because I asked periodically, look at the pricing of BDCs and their publicly traded private credit facilities and do the homework. There are disclosures around that, and we do it. And so maybe we take just a crack at one point, laying out the different carriers of MBFIs and ones that might be concerning and ones that aren't concerning.**Chairman & CEO:** ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ - ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ๋ฐ - ์‹ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†€๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ค‘๊ฐ„์‹œ์žฅ ์†์‹ค๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์šฉ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” - ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์–ธ๋”๋ผ์ดํŒ… ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ - ๊ฐ€๋” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋†€๋ผ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ํŠน์ • ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์‹ ์šฉ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ Mike Grub์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BDC๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹ ์šฉ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ MBFI๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our next question comes from Jim Mitchell with Seaport Global Securities.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Seaport Global Securities์˜ Jim Mitchell๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Seaport Research Partners: Maybe just on the investment banking environment. Obviously, things have gotten better. Just curious where you see the most strength in the pipeline. And as we get rate cuts coming, do you feel that we're starting to see more activity pick up or the potential for more activity to pick up among financial sponsors? Just curious your thoughts.**Seaport Research Partners:** ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์Šคํฐ์„œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Okay. Interesting question on the sponsors. I mean, I don't know. I personally am not persuaded of the notion that cuts coming through that are fully priced in are going to meaningfully change behavior in a sort of highly sophisticated professional community like financial sponsors. If that plays into like flattening of the yield curve for other reasons, et cetera, beyond what's priced in from the forwards, that could be a little bit of a different story. But I think what is clearly true, a little bit to the point of your question is that the environment is -- the results are very robust and the tone is very upbeat. I think an interesting thing from my perspective is to think about the narrative starting from the beginning of the year, right? We had the moment of -- everyone was talking about animal spirits and a big booming moment. And then we had Liberation Day and all the tariff uncertainty and equity market volatility. And so things kind of went quiet for a while. But what's interesting is that from the IPO perspective, for example, processes were kicked off early in the year. And those processes continued even during the moments where conditions weren't ideal for the deals. And what that meant is that there's a lot of stuff like in the queue that's kind of ready to go. And now conditions are much more favorable, both in terms of equity market valuations, at least until recently, relatively low equity market volatility, a bit more breadth in the rally in terms of multiples, including smaller cap tech sector or whatever. So yes, that's one area. And in the meantime, as you know, we're starting to see more M&A activity as well. I noted earlier, I think it was the busiest summer we've had in like a long time in terms of announced M&A activity. We're seeing that play through into acquisition finance. I think the rate environment is good enough from the perspective of being able to get deals done. So it's a pretty supportive environment. But as you well know, that can change overnight.**Jeremy Barnum:** ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์Šคํฐ์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต ์Šคํฐ์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๋“๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๊ณก์„  ํ‰ํƒ„ํ™” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ผ๋งฅ์ƒํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฟ๊ณผ ํฐ ํ˜ธํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€์„ธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ IPO ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฐ์ดˆ์— ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—ด์— ์ค€๋น„๋œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐธ๋ฅ˜์—์ด์…˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œํ˜•์ฃผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ฃผ ์„นํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํ”Œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ž ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋„“์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ M&A ํ™œ๋™๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ M&A ํ™œ๋™ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ”์œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ธˆ์œต์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ์‚ฌ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฝค ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์•„์นจ์— ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Seaport Research Partners: Yes. That's all fair. And then maybe just a follow-up on just capital relief and how you're adjusting or at least starting to think about adjusting to that RWA growth that's picking up. Is there other aspects, whether it's in the Markets business or other marginal return activities before that you see opportunities to lean into growth to use up capital because obviously, IRRs on buybacks today at these levels are not great.**Seaport Research Partners:** ๋„ค, ๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋ณธ ์™„ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” RWA(์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์ž์‚ฐ) ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”? ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์˜ IRR(๋‚ด๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ )์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Yes, exactly. I mean that's the exact math that we're always doing, which is like, okay, subject to certain assumptions, what is the return on a buyback and what's the alternative. Now obviously, we want to be careful there, right? I mean if you take that argument to the extreme and you say like, oh, we want to do every piece of business that's like 1 basis point above the theoretical return on buybacks, you wind up potentially making a lot of really dumb risk decisions. So you want it to be franchise accretive business and you want to recognize that your estimate of the return of that business is itself subject to some uncertainty. Jamie always says, like putting liquid par assets on the balance sheet and adding leverage is not a thing that actually generates value no matter what the supposed return of that instrument is in the spreadsheet. So it's a thing that we -- it's a thing that we think about a lot. And -- but I would say to the extent that, that's shaping our behavior, it's probably already shaping our behavior because, as you know, we've had the access for quite a while. The price of tangible book multiple has been going up for quite a while. So we're going to continue looking for constructive ways to deploy while making sure that we don't do anything stupid, frankly.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค 1๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ผ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ์ถ”์ •์น˜ ์ž์ฒด๋„ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด, ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ์— ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ์ƒ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ €ํฌ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ ์žฅ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜(tangible book multiple)๋„ ์ƒ๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Next, we will go to the line of Ken Usdin from Autonomous.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ Autonomous์˜ Ken Usdin ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Bernstein Autonomous LLP: I wanted to ask a question about just overall loan yields. I noticed that they were up 3 basis points in the quarter. Obviously, rates hadn't been moving during the quarter and now that we're starting to head back down. Just wondering just what are the main drivers of still being able to actually see higher loan yields.**Bernstein Autonomous LLP:** ์ „์ฒด ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— 3๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO I never look at that. So I have literally no idea why the loan yield is up 3 basis points in the quarter. But if I had to guess, I think it's almost always a function of various types of mix effects, recognizing that we have loans of radically different yields across the company from SOFR plus 20 basis points too. And so relatively small changes in mix can make a big difference. Then obviously, you've got a lot of floating rate instruments all else equal, you would expect those yields to be lower given the cuts that have come in but mix effects can easily overwhelm that. So I'm sure Michael will have a good answer for you by the time the call is over, but I had not looked at that one.**Jeremy Barnum:** ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด 3๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏน์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ(mix effects) ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ SOFR ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค 20๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ถœ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏน์Šค์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ณ€๋™๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏน์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์••๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ดํด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Bernstein Autonomous LLP: Okay. I'll follow up on that. And secondly, with the Sapphire refresh, just assume that we're starting to see some of the awards amortization show in the card fees line and in the card revenue rate. So I'm just wondering if you could kind of walk us through that now that, that card is coming on and you mentioned good additions there. Just what do we have to think about in terms of what leads the horse in terms of card revenue rate and eventual volume growth and related benefits.**Bernstein Autonomous LLP:** ๋„ค, ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ถ”ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, Sapphire ๋ฆฌํ”„๋ ˆ์‹œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์นด๋“œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ์นด๋“œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ด์›Œ๋“œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์นด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์นด๋“œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์„ ํ–‰ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜œํƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Yes, it's a good question. So one thing that you might have noticed talking about kind of micro supplement points is that the revenue rate is actually lower than the NII yield, which implies a negative NIR yield. And by the way, that yield is a number that's often quite close to 0. So it doesn't take a lot to make it negative, but it is like currently negative. And while there's a lot of puts and takes inside that number in terms of rewards liability, annual fees and so on, the particular dynamic that's happening now is that as part of the refresh, customers are getting increased value ahead of the moment where the annual fee goes up. So there's a kind of transitional period of a few months as the refresh rolls through where those numbers are slightly elevated.**Jeremy Barnum:** ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์™„ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ NII ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” NIR ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต 0์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์›Œ๋“œ ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ์—ฐํšŒ๋น„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ญํ•™์€ ๋ฆฌํ”„๋ ˆ์‹œ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐํšŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฆฌํ”„๋ ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chairman & CEO: The fee comes in over a year and some of these rewards come into negative NII over a year.**Chairman & CEO:** ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” 1๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์›Œ๋“œ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” 1๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ด์ต(NII)์„ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO**Jeremy Barnum:** I notice you've provided the title "Executive VP & CFO" but no actual spoken content to translate. Could you please provide the management response or spoken content that you'd like me to translate into Korean? I'm ready to translate the actual dialogue or response following the guidelines you've outlined.
Chairman & CEO: It's one example of like really bad accounting.**Chairman & CEO:** ์ •๋ง ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Yes. As that stuff normalizes through, we -- some of these numbers like return to slightly more normal appearance but it might actually take a couple of quarters for that to play out.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๋„ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ์ •์ƒํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ •๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our last question comes from Chris McGratty with KBW.**Operator:** ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ KBW์˜ Chris McGratty๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Christopher McGratty: Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division Related to the 15% long-term national retail deposit market share, does your pricing need to be materially different from recent history? Or said another way, do you need to price a little bit more competitive to get that 4 points of improvement over time?**Christopher McGratty:** 15% ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตญ ์†Œ๋งค์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ 4ํฌ์ธํŠธ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO In short, I would say no, unless my CCB colleagues disagree or eventually change their strategy. But I think what you see right now actually from those numbers is you do see us losing a little bit of share in the FDIC recently released results, which have us as #1, which we're happy to celebrate for the fifth year in a row. And the other leading banks or other large banks, which have adopted similar pricing strategies are also seeing a little bit of loss of share. So that is, from our perspective, expected as a conscious result of being disciplined about the pricing of deposits. And it sort of has no particular bearing on the long-term growth strategy to get to 15%, which is all about expansion and deepening and the core value proposition that we offer. And interestingly, interestingly, when you look inside the granular market-by-market results in that FDIC data, what you see is us actually taking share in a lot of the kind of highest priority, highest profile expansion markets. So in that sense, it's actually a validation of the strategy. And by the way, I got my answer on the loan yield question. It is mix, including cards. So my guess was correct.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CCB ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ FDIC๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 5๋…„ ์—ฐ์†์ด๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์€ํ–‰๋“ค๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ €ํฌ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทœ์œจ์„ ์ง€ํ‚จ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” 15%์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™•์žฅ๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, FDIC ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์žฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„์ด์ž ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ™•์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ์ „๋žต์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ (loan yield) ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฏน์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ๋งž์•˜๋„ค์š”.
Chairman & CEO: The retail branch system, as Jeremy said, deepening. But remember, it's better products, better services, more branches and better location, deepening with customer segmentation. If we do a good job in all that, then we hope to gain share. And I think we are doing a good job on that but that -- we have to deliver that for a year to get to 15%. Folks, thank you very much, for spending time with us. We'll talk to you all soon.**Chairman & CEO:** ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ผ ์ง€์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์ ๊ณผ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ž…์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ฌํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ํ•ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 15%์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeremy Barnum: Executive VP & CFO Thank you.**Jeremy Barnum:** ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Thank you all for participating in today's conference. You may disconnect at this time, and have a great rest of your day.**Operator:** ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

Here's a summary of the key points from the earnings call transcript in Korean:

โ€ข ์‹ค์  ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง:
- ์นด๋“œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€์†์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€
- 2026๋…„ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII) ์ „๋ง์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์ค‘
- ์†Œ๋งค ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋‹น์ดˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”๋”˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ

โ€ข ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ:
- ๋น„์€ํ–‰ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€(NBFI) ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ
- Tricolor ๊ด€๋ จ ๋„๋งค ๋Œ€์ถœ ์†์‹ค 1.7์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ
- ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ฝ์‹œ ์ผ๋ถ€ NBFI ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์‹ ์šฉ์†์‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ์Œ

โ€ข ๋น„์šฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ:
- AI ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ธก์ •์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€
- 2026๋…„ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 1์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒํšŒ ์ „๋ง
- ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ๋น„์šฉ ์••๋ฐ• ์š”์ธ ์กด์žฌ

โ€ข ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ:
- IPO์™€ M&A ํ™œ๋™ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ธ
- ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”œ ์‹คํ–‰ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ์–‘ํ˜ธ
- ์Šคํฐ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋„ ์ ์ง„์  ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ธฐ๋Œ€

์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ์ „๋ง, ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.