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๐Ÿ“„ Earnings Call Transcript ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๐Ÿ“Š Presentation

Original Translation
Morgan Stanley (NYSE:MS) Q3 2025 Earnings Call October 15, 2025 9:30 AM EDT

Company Participants

Ted Pick - CEO & Chairman of the Board
Sharon Yeshaya - Executive VP & CFO

Conference Call Participants

Daniel Fannon - Jefferies LLC, Research Division
Ebrahim Poonawala - BofA Securities, Research Division
Chinedu Bolu - Autonomous Research US LP
Brennan Hawken - BMO Capital Markets Equity Research
Glenn Schorr - Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division
L.
๋ชจ๊ฑด ์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ (NYSE:MS) 2025๋…„ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ
2025๋…„ 10์›” 15์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9:30 EDT

์ฐธ์„์ž

ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž
ํ…Œ๋“œ ํ”ฝ - CEO ๊ฒธ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜์žฅ
์ƒค๋ก  ์˜ˆ์ƒค์•ผ - ์ „๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฒธ CFO

์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ ์ฐธ์„์ž
๋Œ€๋‹ˆ์–ผ ํŒจ๋„Œ - ์ œํผ๋ฆฌ์Šค LLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์—๋ธŒ๋ผํž˜ ํ‘ธ๋‚˜์™ˆ๋ผ - ๋ฑ…ํฌ์˜ค๋ธŒ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์‹œํ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ฆˆ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์น˜๋„ค๋‘ ๋ณผ๋ฃจ - ์–ดํ† ๋…ธ๋จธ์Šค ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ US LP
๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋„Œ ํ˜ธ์ผ„ - BMO ์บํ”ผํ„ธ ๋งˆ์ผ“์ธ  ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜
๊ธ€๋ Œ ์‡ผ์–ด - ์—๋ฒ„์ฝ”์–ด ISI ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์ฃผ์‹๋ถ€๋ฌธ
L.
Erika Penala - UBS Investment Bank, Research Division
Devin Ryan - Citizens JMP Securities, LLC, Research Division
Michael Mayo - Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division
Christopher McGratty - Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division
Saul Martinez - HSBC Global Investment Research

Presentation

Operator

Good morning. Welcome to Morgan Stanley's Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. On behalf of Morgan Stanley, I will begin the call with the following information and disclaimers. This call is being recorded. During today's presentation, we will refer to our earnings release and financial supplement, copies of which are available at morganstanley.com.
**๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž**

**์šด์˜์ž**

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Morgan Stanley 2025๋…„ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Morgan Stanley๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๋ฉด์ฑ…์กฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋…น์Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์€ morganstanley.com์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

**์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ**

**์—๋ฆฌ์นด ํŽ˜๋‚ ๋ผ** - UBS Investment Bank, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
**๋ฐ๋นˆ ๋ผ์ด์–ธ** - Citizens JMP Securities, LLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
**๋งˆ์ดํด ๋งˆ์š”** - Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
**ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ๋งฅ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ‹ฐ** - Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
**์‚ฌ์šธ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋„ค์ฆˆ** - HSBC Global Investment Research

**๋ฐœํ‘œ**
Today's presentation may include forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. Morgan Stanley does not undertake to update the forward-looking statements in this discussion. Please refer to our notices regarding forward-looking statements and non-GAAP measures that appear in the earnings release. This presentation may not be duplicated or reproduced without our consent. I will now turn the call over to Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ted Pick. Ted Pick
CEO & Chairman of the Board

Thank you. Good morning, and thank you for joining us.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ง„์ˆ ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ง„์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๋น„GAAP ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง€์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™์˜ ์—†์ด ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฒธ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์ธ ํ…Œ๋“œ ํ”ฝ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ…Œ๋“œ ํ”ฝ
์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž ๊ฒธ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜์žฅ

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฐธ์„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In the third quarter, Morgan Stanley generated record top and bottom line performance with revenues of $18.2 billion and EPS of $2.80. Robust returns on tangible of 23.5% reflect the operating leverage of the integrated firm. The capital markets flywheel is taking hold as the administration seeks to execute on its 3-pronged strategy to reshape the economy with Fed rate cuts likely to continue into next year. Across public and private markets, institutional and retail clients are engaged, seeking trusted advice and global access from investment bankers, financial advisers and market specialists.3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ 182์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต 2.80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ†ฑ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”ํ…€๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 23.5%์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์žฌํŽธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 3๋Œ€ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹œ์žฅ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€, ์žฌ๋ฌด ์ž๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์‹œ์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
From the first quarter of 2024, a top priority for the team has continued to be the reaffirmation of Morgan Stanley's strategy to raise, manage and allocate capital and over time, to execute on a higher plane when favorable capital markets environments permit. Our business model is activity-based. And while we cannot control the broader economic and market backdrop, the heart of the Morgan Stanley investment thesis remains our delivering earnings and returns durability alongside continued dividend growth through periods of uncertainty.2024๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒ€์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ™œ๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ ํˆฌ์ž ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This focus on maintaining earnings durability and driving earnings growth is governed by execution rigor inside the lanes of the priorities outlined in our annual strategy deck. The readout of sequential EPS results during this period underscores ownership of earnings growth and durability against different economic backdrops. $2.02, $1.82, $1.88, $2.22, $2.60, $2.13 and now $2.80. Morgan Stanley is well positioned in each of our businesses and is demonstrating consistent execution. Total client assets across Wealth and Investment Management are up $1.3 trillion over the last year and have reached $8.9 trillion. In Wealth, our scale and client reach continue to drive performance.์ˆ˜์ต ์ง€์†์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€์™€ ์ˆ˜์ต ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฒฌ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋žต ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2.02๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 1.82๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 1.88๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 2.22๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 2.60๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 2.13๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ 2.80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์‹คํ–‰๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ์™€ ํˆฌ์ž์šด์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ž์‚ฐ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ 1์กฐ 3์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 8์กฐ 9์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋„๋‹ฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Reported margins were a full 30%. We added $81 billion of net new assets and $42 billion in fee-based flows in the quarter. Investment Management continues to scale capabilities with sustained leadership from Parametric. Across all 3 regions, our Institutional Securities business delivered outstanding results. Our equities business affirmed its #1 position with a standout quarter. A rebound in the Investment Banking environment reopened the door to strategic M&A and renewed financing activity. The equity underwriting result was also industry-leading this quarter, which speaks to the power of our integrated investment bank.๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋งˆ์ง„์€ 30%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— 810์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ 420์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์ž…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์šด์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ Parametric์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ 1์œ„ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋žต์  M&A์™€ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ธˆ์œต์กฐ๋‹ฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด ์‹ค์  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—…๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
With respect to the bank regulatory capital framework, regulators are moving toward a more balanced approach, executing on their prudential oversight responsibilities and more leveling the competitive playing field where the largest, best capitalized financial institutions can once again act as a primary engine to drive sustainable economic growth. Morgan Stanley specifically appreciates the Fed's recent reconsideration of our CCAR results, and we look forward to ongoing dialogue and transparency. Our excess CET1 capital stands at over 300 basis points.์€ํ–‰ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ž๋ณธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ท ํ˜•์žกํžŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ ๊ฐ๋… ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ณธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฐ์ค€์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ CCAR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ CET1 ์ž๋ณธ์€ 300๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Periods of economic and geopolitical uncertainty were to be expected as we transition from the post-pandemic period we called the end of the end of history to a period we now could call the continuation of history, a period in which the push and pull of industrial policy, national identity and technological innovation will continue to be front of mind for our clients and stakeholders. Morgan Stanley will continue to capture opportunities around the world through cycles, staying close to our clients as they raise, manage and allocate capital.๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ง์˜ ๋'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๋˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์ œ '์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์†'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We're actively investing in the integrated firm across wealth and investment management, institutional securities and across our bank and infrastructure units. We are deploying capital and expanding capabilities through the wealth funnel and enhancing the global distribution of our asset management offerings. As macro uncertainty and enormous opportunity uncomfortably coexist, our 2025 year-to-date results demonstrate both the capability and the capacity to deliver earnings durability and generate operating leverage against shifting economic and geopolitical backdrops. Morgan Stanley's strategy remains consistent, and our durable earnings and capital strength are clear.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž์šด์šฉ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์€ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›ฐ์Šค ํผ๋„(wealth funnel)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์œ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ 2025๋…„ ์—ฐ์ดˆ ๋ˆ„๊ณ„ ์‹ค์ ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The quarter's performance across Wealth and Investment Management, alongside the strength across Institutional Securities in all 3 regions underscores the proposition of the integrated firm. We are focused on generating strong returns for our shareholders and have real degrees of flexibility to pursue growth opportunities across our core businesses. We are committed to advancing through $10 trillion in total client assets and on to the next phase of Morgan Stanley's growth trajectory. As the firm celebrates its 90th anniversary, we are as ever focused on executing first-class business in a first-class way across the integrated firm for our clients, our shareholders and our colleagues.์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์›ฐ์Šค ์•ค ์ธ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋จผํŠธ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ(Wealth and Investment Management) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ 3๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ(Institutional Securities) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ 10์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ถค๋„์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ 90์ฃผ๋…„์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ์ฃผ์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์—†์ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sharon will now take us through the quarter in greater detail. Sharon Yeshaya
Executive VP & CFO

Thank you, and good morning. The Firm delivered exceptional results in the third quarter, underscoring the power of our global integrated firm and the scale of $8.9 trillion in total client assets. Performance was very strong across the businesses and regions, driving record revenues [ DVA ] of $2.80 and an ROTCE of 23.5%. The year-to-date efficiency ratio was 69%. The Firm continues to demonstrate operating leverage while maintaining focus on longer-term investments. Our investments in workplace, E*TRADE and our investment banking franchise are yielding results.
์ด์ œ Sharon์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Sharon Yeshaya
๋ถ€์‚ฌ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CFO

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ด 8์กฐ 9์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋‹น 2.80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ DVA, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  23.5%์˜ ROTCE๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ดˆ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์€ 69%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์žฅ, E*TRADE, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Our early AI use cases, some live and some in pilot are showing progress. These include the DevGen AI tool, which enhances developer efficiency by modernizing code; Parable, an interactive tool that quickly analyzes and summarizes data; and LeadIQ, our AI-powered lead distribution platform, focusing on matching workplace and self-directed relationships and facilitating engagement with our financial advisers. Together, these use cases are laying the foundation to drive productivity across the firm. Now to the businesses. Institutional Securities revenues were a standout at $8.5 billion, driving powerful operating leverage.์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ AI ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง„์ „์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” DevGen AI ๋„๊ตฌ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ž™ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ Parable, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์ฃผ๋„์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งค์นญ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ธˆ์œต ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €์™€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ธ LeadIQ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์€ ์ „์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋งค์ถœ์€ 85์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
While the Americas led the year-over-year growth, clients were active around the world. We are continuing to see attractive returns from steadily investing across the integrated investment bank. Themes around emerging technologies and renewed investor appetite in Asia contributed to the results. Investment Banking activity has meaningfully improved after several years of muted volumes. Capital markets reopened and supported underwriting issuance across both debt and equity products. Specifically, market receptivity for IPOs encouraged both sponsor and founder-led companies to come to market. This, combined with strong credit metrics, set the stage for renewed strategic activity.์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ํฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ…Œ๋งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž ํˆฌ์ž์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ์‹ค์ ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ดํ›„ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด ๋ฐœํ–‰์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ IPO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Šคํฐ์„œ ์ฃผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž ์ฃผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„๋ก ๋…๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ „๋žต์  ํ™œ๋™ ์žฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐœํŒ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Investment Banking revenues increased to $2.1 billion, marking one of the strongest quarters in recent years. The year-over-year improvement was driven by broad-based strength with underwriting results up over 50%. Advisory revenues increased year-over-year to $684 million, driven by higher completed activity. Equity underwriting revenues increased 80% year-over-year to $652 million, driven by IPO activity and further supported by strength across equity products and sectors. Activity picked up materially in September on the back of record-breaking post-Labor Day issuance in the Americas.ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์ต์€ 21์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด ์‹ค์ ์ด 50% ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์— ํž˜์ž…์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์ต์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 6์–ต 8,400๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด ์ˆ˜์ต์€ IPO ํ™œ๋™์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 80% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ 6์–ต 5,200๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„นํ„ฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 9์›”์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ ˆ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Fixed income underwriting revenues were $772 million, driven by higher non-investment grade and investment-grade loan issuance. As the M&A market shows signs of recovery, event lending commitments -- event-related lending commitments met receptive markets. Results were supported by higher flow activity as clients took advantage of refinancing opportunities. Secular themes and pent-up demand have supported an increase in activity across the Integrated Investment Bank. Clients are increasingly turning to Morgan Stanley to navigate complexity, monetize opportunities and deploy capital decisively.์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” 7์–ต 7,200๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋น„ํˆฌ์ž๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. M&A ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์•ฝ์ •์ด ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํ…Œ๋งˆ์™€ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ตํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์  ๋” ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In the quarter, robust pipelines translated into announcements and credit markets were resilient and open, conducive to activity. We continue to selectively hire bankers and product specialists as the integrated firm culture is attracting opportunities to deepen the coverage footprint. Our leading equities franchise generated $4.1 billion in revenue, propelled by broad-based performance across products and regions. Prime brokerage revenues drove results as average client balances and financing revenues reached new records. Cash results were strong, reflecting active client engagement and an increase in global market volumes compared to the prior year.์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด ๊ณต์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์šฉ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์‹ฌํ™”ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์„ ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฑ…์ปค์™€ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์„ ๋„์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด 41์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž”๊ณ ์™€ ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ปค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์‹ค์ ์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Derivatives results were up year-over-year, driven by higher activity and regional strength in EMEA. Fixed income revenues were $2.2 billion. The business showed consistency driven by strong client engagement across credit and commodities, partially offset by lower results in foreign exchange. Micro results increased year-over-year. Performance was driven by strength in securitized products, benefiting from robust securitization activity and historical growth in durable lending balances. Macro revenue declined versus the prior year. Volatility decreased in foreign exchange markets across developed market currencies, leading to reduced client activity and trading opportunities.ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ์‹ค์ ์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” EMEA ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ์  ๊ฐ•์„ธ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์ˆ˜์ต์€ 22์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์›์ž์žฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์™ธํ™˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹ค์  ์ €์กฐ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์‹ค์ ์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์œ ๋™ํ™” ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž”์•ก์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํž˜์ž…์€ ์œ ๋™ํ™” ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ต์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™” ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์™ธํ™˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Results in commodities finished the quarter with strength, increasing year-over-year, driven by our North American power and gas business, which included structured transactions during the period. In the quarter, ISG provisions were modest at $1 million as a sequential improvement in the macroeconomic forecasts was offset by portfolio growth in individual assessments. Net charge-offs totaled $46 million, primarily driven by commercial real estate loans that had largely been provisioned for in prior quarters. Turning to Wealth Management. Our franchise is growing with sustained momentum, reinforcing our industry-leading position.์›์ž์žฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์‹ค์ ์€ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ง ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๊ฒฌ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ISG ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ง์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ 100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์†Œํญ์— ๊ทธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์•ก์€ ์ด 4,600๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์ „ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋“ค์— ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์ด ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋Œ€์ถœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„ ์„ ๋„์  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ณต๊ณ ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A record $7 trillion in total client assets, record revenues of over $8 billion and continued operating leverage drove margins to 30%. Another quarter of strong net new assets and robust fee-based flows illustrate the power of the funnel and the scale of our client base, which spans over 20 million relationships. Assets that originated from workplace continue to migrate into our adviser-led channel as a result of the consistent investments we have made into our differentiated platform. We are not standing still.๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ด์•ก 7์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์  ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ 80์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์  ๋งค์ถœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ 30%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„์€ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์œ ์ž… ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ € ์ฃผ๋„ ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In the third quarter, we continued to invest, deepening our competitive moats in areas like our expanded collaboration with Carta in private markets and in digital assets through announced partnerships with Zero Hash. We continue to innovate, reinforcing our leadership in the industry and enhancing our ability to service our clients with unique capabilities. Moving to our business metrics. Record revenues were $8.2 billion. The business continues to demonstrate operating leverage with the reported margin expanding to 30.3%. DCP negatively impacted the margin by approximately 100 basis points this quarter. Asset Management revenues were a record at $4.8 billion.3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ Carta์™€์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ Zero Hash์™€์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—…๊ณ„ ๋‚ด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์—… ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ถœ์€ 82์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฒฝ์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋งˆ์ง„์ด 30.3%๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. DCP๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋งˆ์ง„์— ์•ฝ 100๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ ๋งค์ถœ์€ 48์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Fee-based flows were exceptionally strong, exceeding $40 billion for the second consecutive quarter. Transactional revenues were $1.3 billion, and excluding the impact of DCP, were up 22% year-over-year. Throughout the quarter, retail clients were engaged across products and self-directed activity was particularly strong. We launched Pro -- excuse me, we launched Power E*TRADE Pro, which is a reflection of our investments to enhance our platform. These investments have helped support E*TRADE's transactional revenue, which is highly accretive to our margin.์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์œ ์ž…์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† 400์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ต์€ 13์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, DCP ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 22% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ธฐ์ฃผ๋„์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” Pro -- ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Power E*TRADE Pro๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ E*TRADE์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ๋งˆ์ง„์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Bank lending balances rose $5 billion sequentially to $174 billion, reflecting our multiyear investments to meet the full portfolio needs of our growing client base. In the quarter, we deepened our client penetration with lending solutions, inclusive of securities-based lending and mortgages. Sequentially, total end-period deposits grew to $398 billion, and net interest income increased to $2 billion. The growth in NII was driven by the impact of our market environment and the cumulative loan growth. Looking ahead to the fourth quarter, we expect to see a modest sequential gain in NII. Of course, the rate environment, trajectory of loan growth and deposit mix will all come into play.์€ํ–‰ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž”์•ก์€ ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 50์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ 1,740์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋‹ด๋ณด ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์นจํˆฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ง ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ์€ 3,980์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต์€ 20์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ˆ„์  ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต์—์„œ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ถค์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Finally, in the third quarter, we delivered net new assets of $81 billion, a testament to the depth and breadth of our diversified platform. All 3 channels contributed to our asset growth. The reopening of the IPO market also supported results, further evidence that our workplace channel serves as a powerful asset acquisition tool. This quarter, the business demonstrated exactly what it is built to do. With over 20 million relationships and $7 trillion in total client assets, our scale and connectivity sets us apart, positioning us to deliver. Turning to Investment Management. The business continues to perform well.๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 810์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”๋œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ํญ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IPO ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง์žฅ ์ฑ„๋„์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ ํš๋“ ๋„๊ตฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ 7์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ๋†“์•„์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์šด์šฉ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We are seeing momentum for secular demand in our highly sought-after Parametric solutions and expanding our global reach in fixed income. Our investments have supported our growth to a record $1.8 trillion in total AUM and further position the business for the opportunities ahead. Long-term net inflows were $16.5 billion in the quarter. Over half these inflows were driven by Parametric and further supported by ongoing strength in fixed income. Parametric inflows were inclusive of a large partnership with a third-party investment adviser, seeking greater tax efficiency for its clients. Liquidity and Overlay Services had inflows of $24.8 billion, driven by demand for our liquidity strategies.๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Parametric ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ด ์šด์šฉ์ž์‚ฐ(AUM) 1์กฐ 8์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—… ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œ ์ž…์•ก์€ 165์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์ž…์•ก์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด Parametric์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Parametric ์œ ์ž…์•ก์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ3์ž ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋ฒ„๋ ˆ์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค(Liquidity and Overlay Services)๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด 248์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์œ ์ž…์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Revenues of $1.7 billion increased 13% compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by higher asset management and related fees on the back of higher average AUM. Performance-based income and other revenues were $117 million, supported by gains in infrastructure, private equity and real estate. Turning to the balance sheet. Total spot assets grew to $1.4 trillion. Standardized RWAs increased sequentially to $536 billion as we actively supported clients. Exposures rose intra-quarter on greater levels of activity and reduced into quarter end as we syndicated risk. Our standardized CET1 ratio stands at 15.2%. We opportunistically bought back $1.1 billion of common stock in the quarter.๋งค์ถœ์€ 17์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 13% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์šด์šฉ์ž์‚ฐ(AUM) ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณผ์—ฐ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ˆ˜์ต์€ 1์–ต 1,700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ, ์‚ฌ๋ชจํŽ€๋“œ, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์— ํž˜์ž…์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ํ˜„๋ฌผ์ž์‚ฐ์€ 1์กฐ 4,000์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์ž์‚ฐ(RWA)์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ง€์›์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 5,360์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์‹ ๋””์ผ€์ดํŠธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ง์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋ณดํ†ต์ฃผ์ž๋ณธ๋น„์œจ(CET1)์€ 15.2%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ 11์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Our quarterly tax rate was 23.6%, excluding $50 million of net discrete tax benefits. We continue to expect our fourth quarter tax rate will be approximately 24%. The Firm is operating with momentum across all segments. We entered the fourth quarter from a position of strength with a combined $8.9 trillion in total client assets, an engaged client base, healthy pipelines and global reach. We remain focused on continuing to invest in our business as we look ahead. And with that, we will now open the line up to questions.๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ธ์œจ์€ 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆœ ์ผํšŒ์„ฑ ์„ธ๋ฌดํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  23.6%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ธ์œจ์€ ์•ฝ 24%๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ 8์กฐ 9์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜, ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํฌ์ง€์…˜์—์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

โ€ข ์‹ค์  ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ:
- 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋งค์ถœ 182์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€), EPS 2.80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก
- ์œ ํ˜•์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋ณธ์ด์ต๋ฅ (ROTCE) 23.5% ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ
- ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ž์‚ฐ 8.9์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 1.3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

โ€ข ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ:
- ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋งˆ์ง„ 30% ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ, ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ์œ ์ž… 810์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ
- ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋งค์ถœ 85์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„ธ
- ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ IPO ์‹œ์žฅ ํšŒ๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์–ธ๋”๋ผ์ดํŒ… ์ˆ˜์ต 50% ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

โ€ข ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ์ „๋ง:
- ๊ทœ์ œ์ž๋ณธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์  ์ž…์žฅ ํ‘œ๋ช…
- AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž… ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ค‘
- ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ž์‚ฐ 10์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชฉํ‘œ

โ€ข ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ/๊ธฐํšŒ ์š”์ธ:
- ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์ƒ์กด
- ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์ธํ•˜ ๊ธฐ์กฐ ์ง€์† ์ „๋ง
- ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ ํ™•๋Œ€

โ€ข ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ:
- CET1 ๋น„์œจ 15.2% ๊ธฐ๋ก
- 11์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ์‹ค์‹œ
- 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹คํšจ์„ธ์œจ 24% ์˜ˆ์ƒ


โ“ Q&A

Original Translation
Operator: [Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Dan Fannon with Jefferies.**Operator:** [์šด์˜์ž ์•ˆ๋‚ด] ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋Œ„ ํŒจ๋„Œ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Daniel Fannon: Jefferies LLC, Research Division So Ted, I was hoping you could just talk about the environment. You've been quite bullish all year. Obviously, a great quarter. So can you talk about the sustainability of these trends, maybe the context of the backlog in Investment Banking, the diversity and how that compares to maybe prior periods?**Daniel Fannon:** ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜€์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ(backlog) ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„นํ„ฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ž˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์œ ํ˜•๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์˜์ง€๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์ด ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Yes. The question is the right setup. Whether we are entering a golden age of Investment Banking remains to be seen, but it has been now several years of chatter around green shoots and now the flywheel is taking hold. It's happening across industry groups. It's happening across regions. It's happening against a generally more favorable regulatory backdrop. It's happening at a time where there is deglobalization and reglobalization depending on where you are and how you're looking at it and obviously, the need to defease the cost of endogenous AI. So that sets up for a very interesting environment for strategics who now will compete for product with sponsors in each region and in each major industry. We've been spending considerable time and capital on building our investment banking core and the fruits of that are seen in both the equity and debt underwriting number and an advisory number that continues to pick up. And to what you're alluding to, Dan, the pipeline looks very good across all 3 regions. So we are optimistic. Now of course, the world is an uncertain place, and there could be pauses depending on how geopolitics feel. But generally speaking, the investment banking product category over the next couple of years should be generally up and to the right.**Ted Pick:** ๋„ค, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ค์ •์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋™๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์™”๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ณด๋А๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒˆ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์žฌ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋‚ด์ƒ์  AI์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ชจํŽ€๋“œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”œ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์‹๊ณผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด ์‹ค์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฌธ์—…๋ฌด ์‹ค์ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ„์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ, 3๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ , ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šน ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Daniel Fannon: Jefferies LLC, Research Division Great. That's helpful. And then Sharon, I was hoping you could expand upon your comments around just the NNA growth within the wealth channel. You talked about workplace and the IPO market being a contributor. So maybe if there's a way to contextualize that a bit more and also just talk about the other channels in terms of the momentum there as well.**Daniel Fannon:** ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Sharon, ์›ฐ์Šค ์ฑ„๋„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ(NNA) ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ง์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ IPO ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฑ„๋„๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO Absolutely, Dan. Thank you for the question. All the channels are strong. Self-directed, we've been increasing our marketing and business development. You can see that. Our advisory is also strong. We have new clients, existing clients, both coming in. So we're attracting assets held away. But we're also bringing in new clients, and that's a lot of the tools that we've been giving to our advisers. And as it relates to workplace, that's probably the most exciting part. I think we're just scratching the surface of what we've seen in workplace. It's bringing in assets not just in NNA, but also directly into fee-based flows. So people are -- we're seeing momentum. As you have IPOs come to market, people are bringing their assets to Morgan Stanley. They're dropping into their self-directed accounts, yes. but they're also moving it directly into the adviser-led accounts. And that's been a large part of the story. I think you and I have talked about it, Dan. Historically, you've asked about -- we've given a $300 billion number about that workplace migration, and we've said that we've seen about $60 billion of migration per year. We're already 3 quarters into it, and we're exceeding those numbers from a full year basis. So workplace has been a contributor to net new assets to fee-based flows and channel migration.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋Œ„. ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ„๋„์ด ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์ฃผ๋„ํ˜•(self-directed) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค์™”๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋„ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๋ณด๊ด€๋œ ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์˜จ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ(workplace) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ NNA(์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ) ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ(fee-based flows)๋กœ๋„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์œ ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด... ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IPO๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์ฃผ๋„ํ˜• ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ๋„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ„, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ - ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ ํ‡ด์ง์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ „(workplace migration)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 3์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 600์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ด์ „์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์žฅ ํ‡ด์ง์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ด ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋„ ์ด์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our next question comes from Ebrahim Poonawala with Bank of America.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฑ…ํฌ ์˜ค๋ธŒ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—๋ธŒ๋ผํž˜ ํ‘ธ๋‚˜์™ˆ๋ผ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ebrahim Poonawala: BofA Securities, Research Division I had a question on the pretax margin hitting 30%. I know you kind of removed all the pluses and the signs when you took over as CEO. But it's coming up a lot more frequently in our conversations with investors is when we look beyond one, do you think you achieved a point where the 30% pretax margin is sustainable? And again, I'm not saying you're changing your guidance, but I'm just wondering, when you think about the outlook and all the productivity improvements, et cetera, is there risk that the 30% is drifting higher or moving lower in terms of -- when we think about the medium-term outlook?**Ebrahim Poonawala:** ์„ธ์ „ ๋งˆ์ง„์ด 30%์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CEO๋กœ ์ทจ์ž„ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณผ ๋•Œ 30% ์„ธ์ „ ๋งˆ์ง„์ด ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ „๋ง๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ค‘๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 30%๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Thanks for your question. It's incredibly important that we continue to understand that the investment dollars go into that wealth business to broaden and deepen the funnel flywheel that Sharon just described, whether it is putting more dollars in the Pro product in E*TRADE, where we're also focused on upping deposits, whether it's investing in adjacent digital asset product, whether it's in deepening our relationships at the corporate workplace center or it's ultimately in our financial advisers. We're going to continue to put investment dollars into the system. Now whether that with continued operating leverage gets us to a number that is higher than 30% over time, let's see how it goes. But right now, it was important for everyone to see that we had a reported number in a reasonably friendly environment that was, I believe, 30.3%, but that is an output, not an input. So the continued input is our investment dollars to drive PBT growth. And what is most exciting about what the wealth team has done is to drive revenues and to drive overall growth in each piece of the funnel.**Ted Pick:** ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์›ฐ์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์–ด Sharon์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํผ๋„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํœ (funnel flywheel)์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. E*TRADE์˜ Pro ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“  - ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ์ฆ๋Œ€์—๋„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ , ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง์žฅ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํˆฌ์ž ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€(operating leverage)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ 30%๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” 30.3%์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด์ง€ ํˆฌ์ž… ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž…์€ PBT ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž ์ž๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›ฐ์Šค ํŒ€์ด ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งค์ถœ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํผ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ebrahim Poonawala: BofA Securities, Research Division Got it. And I guess just in terms of -- you mentioned a friendly environment. There's so much discussions around whether there's an AI bubble. We are in the late '90s in terms of where we are in the cycle. Just talk to us when you think about both sides of the business, Investment Banking and as you're getting insights from how your clients on the Wealth side are thinking about things. Just how do you handicap that risk of where we might be in the cycle? And what has history taught us of what that implies for your revenue or growth outlook?**Ebrahim Poonawala:** ๋„ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ์š”. AI ๋ฒ„๋ธ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด์š”. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์›ฐ์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๋Š” ์ธ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์–‘์ชฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ƒ ์–ด๋””์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋ง์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO So when we think about our use of AI and what we're seeing is there are many places that one can use AI. It's not just around efficiency, but it's also productivity, both on the expense line, but also on the revenue line. I tried to note 3 different examples at the beginning opening comments, and they were purposeful because they all represent different ways that one can begin to use AI from a full firm perspective. One is just going through code and being able to work faster, make sure that we can be more efficient with our time, that coders can be more efficient as they go through lines of code that they're able to see and rewrite. And so that's one example that we can all kind of see across different firms, and I think different institutions have talked about it. Then you have things that are specific to a Morgan Stanley, which might be around LeadIQ, and that's very revenue-driven, right? So how do you give more time to an adviser? How do you make sure that you give more matches that produce better results? And that's how we've been using all sorts of technology on the forward. And then you have things that you can see across all sectors. Parable is something that we've been doing really in finance, looking at our data, piloting it through and finding ways to summarize key data that other companies can also take advantage of. And so I think for -- you take a step back and your question is, well, what does it mean? There's a lot of ways to use this technology. It's extremely powerful. And this is another place where I think we really are just scratching the surface of what it can do.**Sharon Yeshaya:** AI ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, AI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋‘ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์—์„œ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ AI๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, LeadIQ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . ์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋งค์นญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์„นํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Parable์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋А๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll move to our next question from Christian Bolu with Autonomous.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Autonomous์˜ Christian Bolu๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chinedu Bolu: Autonomous Research US LP I wanted to follow up on Wealth Management and your outlook for that business. Just given your leverage to private markets and technology sector through Solium or your Carta partnership, I'd imagine you should be an outsized beneficiary of the wealth creation around sort of the AI CapEx cycle. Curious how you see that? And then how does that influence your outlook for sort of 5% to 7% organic growth over time?**Chinedu Bolu:** ์›ฐ์Šค ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Solium์ด๋‚˜ Carta ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„นํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ต์Šคํฌ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, AI ์ž๋ณธ์ง€์ถœ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ 5%์—์„œ 7%์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋ง์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO So when we think about private markets, so we are obviously the largest provider of all the alternative space, yes, for the Wealth Management businesses, just given our overall aggregate size. It's about $250 billion of client assets. But on the forward, I think what's important here is that there's an education process. We don't look at it as something you're not going to necessarily flip the switch. There's obviously places that we can continue to see asset growth and asset accumulation. And we're offering new products to our clients, such as just evergreen products, products that allow for lower denomination size. But this is a journey, and it will take time as we think about the education process and reweighting or rebasing individuals portfolios. So absolutely a growth opportunity, but again, one that will take time.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๋Œ€์•ˆํˆฌ์ž ์˜์—ญ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์•ฝ 2,500์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ผœ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž์‚ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ถ•์ ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ตœ์†Œํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ด์‹ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chinedu Bolu: Autonomous Research US LP And then on equities, really nice growth there, and it's been a consistent pattern of share gains in that business for a while now. Just remind us again kind of what's driving share gains there? And then where do you see further opportunities going forward?**Chinedu Bolu:** ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์˜จ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€์š”?
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO So as it relates to equities, it's an incredible business. We've done an incredible amount of investing in our platform, in our people and in also our global regions. Equities more broadly does speak to what we've talked about when we talk about durable share-based gains for ISG. This is a durable business where you have increases in prime brokerage balances. We have obviously spent the time looking at our end clients and looking at the end balances. But this is yet another place where you do see technology investment dollars going in. You see that on the derivative side. And you see that on some of the cash-based businesses and what we've offered internally in terms of trading tools to make our own business more efficient. So for us, Christian, what's important is the consistency and the consistent growth that we've seen in that equities business. And I would be remiss if I don't mention yet again the strength of the global nature of this franchise. We talk a lot about our competitive moats. Those moats are not built immediately. So when we talk about these investment cycles, we've been investing in Asia throughout Asia for some time. In different periods of time, you see different periods of growth across that region. Sometimes it's Japan, sometimes it's China, sometimes it's India. And so that global reach and that investment is one that you're just seeing take place and take shape, I should say, as the global markets begin to reemerge in this capital market cycle.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์ฃผ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ์ธ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋” ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ISG์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ ์œ ์œจ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ผ๋งฅ์ƒํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ปค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ž”๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข… ์ž”๊ณ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ณณ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํˆฌ์ž ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €ํฌ ์ž์ฒด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ, ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์˜จ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ํ•ด์ž(competitive moats)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์•„์นจ์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๋•Œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์ด๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll move to our next question from Brennan Hawken with Bank of Montreal.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Bank of Montreal์˜ Brennan Hawken๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Brennan Hawken: BMO Capital Markets Equity Research I'd love to drill into the Carta relationship. So you guys recently expanded that partnership. You made reference to it in your prepared remarks. Can you speak to the experience that you've had with Carta prior to that and your expectations for now larger relationship?**Brennan Hawken:** BMO ์บํ”ผํ„ธ ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜์—์„œ Carta์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•ด๋‹น ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ด์ „ Carta์™€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO Yes. It's really nice to hear from you, Brennan. So it's nice to hear you back on our calls. This has been a multipronged approach in terms of the Carta relationship. So as you know, private -- Carta generally deals with the private markets side from the stock plan perspective. And you know that our platform deals with both from the public and the private market side. So where the original relationship started is a referral-based model. So as companies began to move from a private side to a public side, they would be referred to Morgan Stanley. And that's working. We've seen evidence. We've had referrals. We've had a number of referrals since that original relationship was started. And we have seen conversions into our space from the public side already over the course of this year. So it's been a great experience. But there's now a second prong of the approach. As you know, what makes our platform on the Wealth Management side standout is the value of advice, explaining the value of advice to our clients, to our broader client base, which is a standout. We often call it a category of one. What Carta now does is it's been interested in being able to offer these services not just to the individual founders or the top providers, the tops of the companies as they go from a private to a public state, but throughout the entire journey. So we're offering our advice-based service to those individuals. And from that perspective, it also helps solidify some of the other work that we've been doing, right? We've done a lot of work on trying to service founders, on trying to service family offices. There's all different places when you can think about how we've grown our wealth management business in types -- in terms of the types of coverage we give to the individuals. And this is just one more place where our relationship with Carta can be helpful, and it will allow us to better deepen relationships also with private companies.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Brennan. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ €ํฌ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Carta์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ Carta๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ณ„ํš ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹œ์žฅ ์ชฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์‹œ์žฅ ์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .

์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”. ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ(Wealth Management) ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์ฆ‰ ์ €ํฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด์ฃ . ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข…์ข… '์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์›(category of one)'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ Carta๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„์ธต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฌ์ •์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์˜จ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…๋ฌด๋“ค๋„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜• ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Carta์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Brennan Hawken: BMO Capital Markets Equity Research Excellent. When you think about that added access, right, plus the strong and established business that you have in Solium that has -- that is a little bit more privates, I know you guys don't -- you know what I mean. How much more substantial is that base versus 2021 when we last saw robust capital markets?**Brennan Hawken:** ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Solium์—์„œ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ์‚ฌ์—… - ์ข€ ๋” ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ์ชฝ์— ์น˜์šฐ์ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์ฃ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”. 2021๋…„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO Well, I think that goes back -- I think it was Ebrahim. I can't remember it, maybe Dan Fannon. The first question that we answered about NNA, it's just the beginning. I mean I don't know how else to say it. It's something when we look at what's going on in workplace across net new assets, across IPOs, these are all ways for us to build out the integrated firm. And we talked a lot about it over the course of the last 2 years and more recently over this year when we spoke about the integrated firm effort. This is a place that you're seeing that build from a Wealth Management creation side. We have people around it to help shepherd individuals across the entire firm as you think about institutional securities, you think about underwriting, et cetera. So there's a lot more to go in the entire ecosystem of being able to work with companies and their founders, understand them from beginning to end and then bring them to market and service them throughout the life cycle of that corporation.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NNA(์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋„ค์š”. ์ง์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ˆœ์‹ ๊ทœ์ž์‚ฐ, IPO ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ, ์ธ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ „์ฒด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our next question comes from Glenn Schorr with Evercore.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์—๋ฒ„์ฝ”์–ด์˜ ๊ธ€๋ Œ ์‡ผ์–ด๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Glenn Schorr: Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division A quick one first. Sharon, I was very intrigued by your comment on the Parametric inflows and the large partnership with third-party investment adviser. So my question is Parametric has grown a lot, and I feel like we're still scratching the surface. But are you -- and that was a direct thing and the direct sales into your wealth channel. Can you differentiate your growth mindset going forward for, a, penetrating your huge client base? And then b, is there a big white label opportunity that this is starting to scratch the surface itself?**Glenn Schorr:** ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒค๋ก , ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ(Parametric) ์ž๊ธˆ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์ œ3์ž ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ง์”€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์•„์ง ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๊ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์›ฐ์Šค ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ํŒ๋งค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์…‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์นจํˆฌ์™€ ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ™”์ดํŠธ๋ผ๋ฒจ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€์š”?
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO So the way that I would describe it is what you're seeing is you have our wealth channel where you've seen growth, but -- and that has been based on multiple years of what we call tax university. So when we first bought Parametric, we worked within our system to explain the product and the benefits of what you can use certain tax harvesting, et cetera, within your portfolio, how is Parametric used to our financial advisers. So our financial advisers started to use it more and better understand that actual product. So that's one channel of growth. Then you have other retail distribution channels that are also using it. And what I spoke to specifically here that was a newer opportunity that we haven't seen before in such size is we've started to work with third-party asset managers as well. We had a press release out close to a year ago at this point where we did discuss that this is something we're working towards. And we've talked about different types of asset managers who can look at their own portfolios and say, for my own portfolio and the assets that I cover, maybe this would be a good tool. And that's what we saw in terms of the inflow. Those will be lumpier. We're not saying that that's necessarily something that you're going to see every quarter, which is why we called it out. But it's certainly another place and another channel where we see the opportunity for Parametric over time.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋จผ์ € ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›ฐ์Šค ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ '์„ธ๋ฌด ๋Œ€ํ•™'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ™• ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ์ด ์ €ํฌ ๊ธˆ์œต ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ €ํฌ ๊ธˆ์œต ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋„ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ฑ„๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ผ ์œ ํ†ต ์ฑ„๋„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐํšŒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ œ3์ž ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1๋…„ ์ „์ฏค ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ ์œ ์ž… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์ž…๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ Parametric์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์ด์ž ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฑ„๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Glenn Schorr: Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division Okay. Awesome. I appreciate that. Bigger picture, Ted, I'm curious, I agree with everything you said. The regulatory capital framework is hopefully going to be more balanced. You've got an 80 basis point refund recently. As you mentioned, you have over $300 million of excess capital and you're making tons of money. So I think the buybacks and dividends are good. But my big question is, are there areas that you could deploy more capital at a higher pace into to drive growth? Your return on tangible equity is hardly anything to complain about, but it is a big denominator. Are there areas that you could deploy at a faster pace, whether it be organic or inorganic that would just broaden the platform, make the company better, drive future growth?**Glenn Schorr:** ๋„ค, ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Ted, ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ž๋ณธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ hopefully ๋” ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ์š”. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— 80bp ํ™˜๊ธ‰๋„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์…จ๊ณ , ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ 3์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ž‰์—ฌ ์ž๋ณธ(excess capital)๋„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฉฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น์€ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ˜•์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ (return on tangible equity)์ด ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ„๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋“  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋“  ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Well, Glenn, as you say, that's the key question. The dividend is now $1 share that is sacrosanct, and we'll continue to grow that along. The buyback has been opportunistic. We'll continue to buy shares back, maybe at a slightly higher cadence, but we're going to continue to view that as a tactical lever. As you know, over the last year plus, we've accreted $7 billion, $8 billion, $10 billion of capital dating back a number of quarters. So that, of course, has been effectively capital put in the piggy bank. As we think about investment, you heard Sharon talk about a whole bunch of that. The best uses of capital continue to be internal investment into the business and into the integrated firm. Those are -- they can either be adjacent investments or they can be a little more orthogonal like digital assets or something that is kind of new and offers diversification effect, but they're all in the cylinders of the strategy around the Wealth Investment manager and then the investment bank. The mantra has been to scale with our key clients to build out product capabilities to invest in technologies. That's why I thought it was great that Sharon went into some detail on some of the technologies that are being born as we speak. Some of them are efficiency driven, some of them are effectiveness driven. If you think about the kind of locus of where the integrated firm is, it's around the key decision-makers at these banking or asset management clients or our wealth management clients where they are the primary decision-maker for strategic financing or catalyst events, which, of course, dovetails with the investment banking wave that is kicking in now. And we are investing a lot of dollars, whether it's in the markets business intra-quarter or it is through our wealth clients either directly or indirectly. So E*TRADE Pro is effectively an investment. It just happens to be an internal one. Sharon has spoken at some length around workplace and connectivity of private companies in Carta. Think about what we're doing with Zero Hash and building out the full wallet. Some of this stuff we can either harkening back to the equities days of 15 years ago, we might buy, we might build, we might lease, but those are investments that are made inside the business and eventually for the benefit of our financial advisers. We're also building out our bank. That is a key channel that we are much focused on, as you know, Glenn, and that's gotten a lot of dollars and attention too. So the organic opportunity is the one that clears the bar and checks the most boxes. And that's going to be the continuing strong bias of the group. That having been said, we are well aware of the capital cushion. We do have, thanks to the better part of 15 years of Mr. Gorman, we have been well versed and trained around the thinking on the inorganic, whether it fits in the strategy, whether the culture is right, whether the timing makes sense and then ultimately, whether the price works, strategy, culture, timing, price. And right now, there is a lot of product that is coming at us. But in virtually every case, Glenn, we feel we can do the build internally organically. And for the last 2 years, I think you'd agree what's been most important in the delivery of our management team, which has worked together for 10, 15, 20 years, beginning, of course, with Dan and Andy leading the firm and then Sharon, Eric, Charles and then the rest of the operating committee that for the last 2 years, we've been focused on saying what we're going to do and putting up the numbers. And that hasn't been at the total expense of the inorganic, but we have felt comfortable continuing to make the case that there is growth both in Wealth and Investment Management and then durably inside the investment bank and that the sum of those 2 would be greater than the whole in the context of the integrated firm that it would not just be kind of salesy, but it would be something that in the right kind of market environment would offer operating leverage. So in a sense, it's been the little picture. The little picture of both kind of scrolling away some chestnuts, but then also building out the income statement, making sure that there's manifestly operating leverage against the uncertainty of geopolitics and transitioning economy. And then over time, we can consider carefully whether the inorganic ticks all 4 boxes, strategy, culture, timing, price and whether we want to fold something in. As you well know, this firm has successfully integrated Smith Barney, Solium, E*TRADE and Eaton Vance. But there is such a thing as winners curse in the financial services space, and we were not about to make that mistake. We don't need to put up a print for the sake of it. We are very excited, by the way, on our announcement on Zero Hash. We think it's great. We're building out the full wallet, and we will be ready to go as we move into 2026. But whether we continue to compound the Wealth and Asset Management base through $10 trillion organically or whether we do something inorganically, it will have to fit the test. But I wanted to give you a sense that, of course, we think very much about the big picture, forest for the trees, but we also, in this 2-year period, have been very much focused on the little picture, the spec on the rug and making sure that we have numbers that are clean and that sustain the valuation that the market has awarded us, and then we move forward with a capital buffer that is 250 to 300 basis points plus.**Ted Pick:** ๊ธ€๋ Œ, ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ๋‹น 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ ์„ฑ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์นจํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ์•กํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋งค์ž…ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋งˆ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ „์ˆ ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„์—ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 70์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 80์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 100์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ถ•์ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ €๊ธˆํ†ต์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘” ์ž๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ƒค๋ก ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ตœ์  ํ™œ์šฉ์ฒ˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ ‘ ํˆฌ์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ž์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ง๊ต์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›ฐ์Šค ํˆฌ์ž๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €์™€ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์น™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒํ’ˆ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Sharon์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์€ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ „๋žต์  ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด‰๋งค ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋“ , ์›ฐ์Šค ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

E*TRADE Pro๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํˆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ . Sharon์ด Carta์˜ ์ง์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—… ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Zero Hash์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ํ’€ ์›”๋ › ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” 15๋…„ ์ „ ์ฃผ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—… ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋งค์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž„๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ๊ธˆ์œต ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์€ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์—…๋„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Glenn๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฑ„๋„์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ ์™„์ถฉ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด Mr.์˜ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š”... ๊ณ ๋จผ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋žต์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ธฐ์—…๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€, ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€ - ์ „๋žต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๊ธ€๋ Œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์€ 10๋…„, 15๋…„, 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  Dan๊ณผ Andy๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , Sharon, Eric, Charles ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์šด์˜์œ„์›ํšŒ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘(inorganic) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ(Wealth and Investment Management) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜์—…์ ์ธ ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์†์ต๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์šด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ „๋žต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” Smith Barney, Solium, E*TRADE, Eaton Vance๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—…๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์Šน์ž์˜ ์ €์ฃผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ Zero Hash ๋ฐœํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2026๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 10์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋“ , ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋“  ๊ฐ„์—, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ €ํฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ์ฆ‰ ์ˆฒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ์ฆ‰ ์นดํŽซ ์œ„์˜ ๋จผ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฐธ๋ฅ˜์—์ด์…˜์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ œ 250~300bp ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฒ„ํผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll move to our next question from Erika Najarian with UBS.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ UBS์˜ ์—๋ฆฌ์นด ๋‚˜์ž๋ฆฌ์•ˆ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
L. Erika Penala: UBS Investment Bank, Research Division Just had one follow-up question on the back of the first question on the investment banking backlog. As we think about the sustainability of the investment banking strength, I can't help but notice that, of course, markets are at all-time highs and spreads are quite tight. It seems like the right precondition for the realization pipeline for sponsors to also take hold. And Ted, I'm just wondering what other preconditions do you think are needed for that to be -- for the realization pipeline to spill into '26 activity?**L. Erika Penala:** ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์–ด์„œ ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํƒ€์ดํŠธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์Šคํฐ์„œ๋“ค์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋“œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹คํ˜„ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด 2026๋…„ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO We're seeing it. So thank you, Erika, for the question, but we're beginning to see it already. We saw it in the third quarter, and it continues to be a big part of our sort of backlog as you think about and pipeline for the forward. And the reason that we think that it's coming to fruition is, as you said, we are seeing the capital markets kick in. As Ted said, he says the capital flywheel is working. The capital markets flywheel is working. Specifically, when we have IPOs, that provides another lane for exit. And so that provides 2 sort of places that a financial sponsor can look, both an acquisition opportunity and an exit from the perspective of an advisory or from the perspective of IPO. And so what we've seen is that, that's been helpful to help the engagement, and it's certainly something that's already beginning to play out in the marketplace.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋ฆฌ์นด, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ์™€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์„ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ž๋ณธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํœ (capital flywheel)์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํœ ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ IPO๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์Šคํฐ์„œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋ฆฌ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋“  IPO ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋“  ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board And the bigger picture here is that being a private company, a successful private company over the last number of years, as you know, Erika, the old rule of thumb was when you had a certain number of beneficial owners or a certain level of wealth created, you needed to go public if for no other reason to defease employee stock option plans and to have a currency to get bigger through acquisition. The reality is that the democratization of the private channel and the ability for companies to stay private longer has been one that has very much taken hold and for lack of better words, has been institutionalized over the last 5, 10 years. So being a private company, a good private company has been a good thing, and the Street has been helpful in offering sponsors additional space beyond the 10-year fund to continue to keep the winners in-house. At the same time, being a public company has not been that great. The regulation got, as you know, much tougher and the -- just sort of the reality of being a mid-cap or even small cap company that may be orphaned and still has to comply with the regulatory burden is tough. So one of the things that we think is going on here is that with some rebalancing of the regulatory framework, the ability to go public, the ability to go public perhaps earlier and to draw the attention of new issue investors who are not cleaning up a secondary sale of a financial sponsor, but in -- our strategic investor, but in fact, are coming in where there's still plenty of growth and a sort of going public discount premium that makes it an exciting asset class again, we're optimistic about that. The reality is the sponsors have not moved as fast because they've had the ability to sustain these capital structures as private companies that has its pluses, that has its minuses. What's changed though is that as we -- notwithstanding all of the concerns with elements of the 3-pronged strategy, the demonstrated success of prong 1 and now of much prong 2 and clearly prong 3, i.e., deregulation, which will be very much a pro-business and hopefully pro broader economy phenomenon, makes it more interesting for the strategic buyer to -- or the seller, in fact, if they want to purify their portfolio to go in and do something, to do something on a cross-border basis to know that the regulator is going to give it a thumbs up or thumbs down versus styming it for uncertain periods. There may be deals in the national interest that won't go through. But the entire proposition of mid- to large to mega cap M&A has been one that has not been on the table for a long time. If there is going to be large cap M&A across growth industries around the world, there will also be an IPO market as they work symbiotically in terms of attracting growth capital to grow the winners.**Ted Pick:** ๋” ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์˜จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์—๋ฆฌ์นด๋„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ฒ•์น™์€ ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์žฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ง์› ์Šคํ†ก์˜ต์…˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋น„์ƒ์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„, 10๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ชจํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ, ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ชจํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์›”๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šคํฐ์„œ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 10๋…„ ํŽ€๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์Šน์ž๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์— ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ณ ์•„ ์ฃผ์‹์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ˜•์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์†Œํ˜•์ฃผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์žฅ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ƒ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธˆ์œต ์Šคํฐ์„œ๋‚˜ ์ „๋žต์  ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ 2์ฐจ ๋งค๊ฐ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ์žฅ ํ• ์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ตฐ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฐ์„œ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์ ์€ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šฐ๋ ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์ด์ œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ์™„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ธฐ์—…์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ๋งค์ˆ˜์ž๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทœ์ œ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์„ ์žก๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์ฐฌ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘ํ˜•์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ˜•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์บก M&A ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• M&A๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, IPO ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์Šน์ž๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณด์™„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll move to our next question from Devin Ryan with Citizens.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Citizens์˜ Devin Ryan์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Devin Ryan: Citizens JMP Securities, LLC, Research Division I want to start with a question on wealth management net interest income. Obviously, really benefited as short-term rates rose in prior years. And I heard Sharon's comment for a modest increase in NII in 4Q even as the Fed is now starting to lower rates. And so I think what's becoming more clear is there's a lot of natural hedges in the model there, margin balances, sec lending, pledge assets, stabilization in kind of the brokered sweep balances. So I'm just curious, as we think about rates now starting to move lower and perhaps the first 100 basis points of cuts, do you see a scenario where GWM NII can actually grow? And then can you just talk a little bit more about some of these hedge impacts as we get the other side of this?**Devin Ryan:** ์›ฐ์Šค๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต(NII)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ค€์ด ์ด์ œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธํ•˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  4๋ถ„๊ธฐ NII๊ฐ€ ์†Œํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” Sharon์˜ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์  ํ—ค์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง„ ์ž”๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ถŒ๋Œ€์—ฌ, ๋‹ด๋ณด์ž์‚ฐ, ์ค‘๊ฐœ ์Šค์œ„ํ”„ ์ž”๊ณ ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด์ œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ฒซ 100๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ธํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, GWM NII๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ—ค์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO Yes, absolutely. I'll take the question. We will revisit 2026 guidance in 2026. But sitting for where we are today, yes, there is room for an inflection as you continue to move higher. You could ask me, well, how could you -- to your point, well, what are these offsets? And how can you get there even if rates begin to move down? Of course, it will depend on how quickly rates move. And if it's priced as it is from the forward curve we sit in today. So all of my answers are predicated on that on kind of this moment in time. But at this moment in time, the reason that you can have that outlook really has to do with the lending balances that we've seen and the consistent growth in lending balances. SBLs, for example, is something that I talked about this quarter. I think we've talked about it over the course of the last couple of quarters and a place of growth. And that is coming not just from existing clients. So you could say, well, your existing clients aren't they tapped out. We're getting new balances. We're getting new client participation. And there's more to do to help the bank itself grow, as Ted said. So that's a place where you can have that potential growth. The other offset that I would note to you is historically, when we've seen rates come down, we've also seen an increase in balances. So yes, there's a trade-off in terms of how quickly will those interest rates come down and what will that mean. But that is from a sense of modeled behavior, another natural point that you could see in terms of a potential upside rather than downside on the forward.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋Š” 2026๋…„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์„ ๋งž์„ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ์‡„ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋А๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๋„ ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฑ…์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž”์•ก๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž”์•ก์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ SBL(Securities-Based Lending, ์ฆ๊ถŒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ)์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋งŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž”๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Ted๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์€ํ–‰ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์‡„ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž”๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์˜คํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ•˜๋ฐฉ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐฉ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Devin Ryan: Citizens JMP Securities, LLC, Research Division That's great color. And just a quick follow-up on the equities trading results. Obviously, it feels like the bar keeps moving higher here, and you referenced the growth in financing and kind of record results there. Can you just give us a sense of kind of what the growth function has looked like in financing relative to intermediation over the past couple of years? And then just what the mix kind of looks like there today and how that's evolved as well? Because it just feels like you're building kind of a higher base overall in equities, and I love to just get a little more sense there.**Devin Ryan:** ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์„ค๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‹ค์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์—…๋ฌด ๋Œ€๋น„ ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ ๋ฏน์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ์ง€, ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO Certainly. I mean we talked about record balances in financing, and we talked about that, that should -- obviously you should think about that relative to where markets are. You're gaining client share, wallet share, but you're also benefiting -- one is benefiting from increased balances as the markets have risen. As it relates to the more transactional level of activity, that's going to really be based on what's going on in the marketplace in that time. And you could see that more based on a volume-driven approach, i.e., are volumes rising or are they falling and client activity more broadly. So that might be more idiosyncratic to your point. And so yes, the base will rise as those prime brokerage balances will rise, assuming that there's not sort of some major market decline, which would cause a contraction in balances.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์ž”๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ ์œ ์œจ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ฐ‘ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž”๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ˜œํƒ๋„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋” ํŠน๋ฐœ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ์žฅ ํ•˜๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž”๊ณ  ์ถ•์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ปค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ž”๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ธˆ์•ก๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Yes. I mean, to echo that, we're at 6,700 S&P and index asset price highs around the world. So if there is a deleveraging event or just lower, let's say, there's a sort of recession scare and the markets are lower, well, by definition, the financing revenues will be lower. I mean they are linked in that sense, as you know, inextricably. What is an interesting development, though, inside of equities is, first of all, as global as ever, Sharon has talked about, we have a business that is thriving both in Asia, which is, as you know, multiple locations and then also in Europe, again, multiple locations. But then also the development of our derivatives business, liquid derivatives and the cash business, once thought to be one that would be totally electronified, that is being run very much as a barbell with a best-in-class MSET product, as you're aware of, but also one where the high-touch old school research sales-driven product with a world-class research department with folks who have been at Morgan Stanley for 20, 25, 30 years, who are embedded with our asset managers and are able to help them capitalize in a market now that is rewarding dispersion across strategies and across weightings. So the first time in a generation, you have real dispersion amongst our clients, which means they are looking for intellectual capital. We can offer that and that there is a real ability now to monetize that, not just in the classic financing pie, but also across cash and derivatives.**Ted Pick:** ํ˜„์žฌ S&P ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 6,700์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋””๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง• ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด ์šฐ๋ ค๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์ˆ˜์ต๋„ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  Sharon์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทธ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „, ์ฆ‰ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์—…๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋•Œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ „์žํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ”๋ฒจ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ MSET ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ํ•œ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ํ•˜์ดํ„ฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ์˜์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 20๋…„, 25๋…„, 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•ด์˜จ ์ง์›๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€์„œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์šด์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋น„์ค‘ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์  ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์˜์—ญ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์ƒ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll move to our next question from Mike Mayo with Wells Fargo.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Wells Fargo์˜ Mike Mayo๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Michael Mayo: Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division Ted, in the past, you said it's the moment of, I think, "Wow, I guess it's playing out." And you've mentioned IPOs, mergers, the flywheel. You mentioned U.S., Europe, Asia, mid, large, major corporates. So it seems like a lot is going on. But I think the question is, can you size where we are in the capital market cycle? Like what inning are we in? Are you overearning, underearning? Just if you can dimension this for us.**Michael Mayo:** ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— "์™€, ์ •๋ง ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ . IPO, ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘, ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์•„์‹œ์•„, ์ค‘ํ˜•, ๋Œ€ํ˜•, ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋А ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋А๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ํšŒ ์ •๋„์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฑด์ง€์š”? ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ข€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Well, I mean, you've been at this long enough to know that the typical answer that one would give would be driven by where we are in the economic cycle, and I'm just not sure it's working that way this time. There is clearly pent-up supply of product and ideal flow that, as we've talked about, stems back from the earliest days of the pandemic, whether it's embedded in sponsor portfolios or it has been sort of ideas in the making inside of the EU or Greater China or in Japan or obviously in the United States. So some of that inventory is meant to come. There's also the reality of almost like a [indiscernible], big size creates category killers and the regulatory cash on large-cap M&A has also been kind of an unnatural constraint to the supply of large-cap mergers that now need to happen to defease the cost of AI. So I think those are all tailwinds. What I am less certain about, and I wouldn't want to be caught on the wrong side of kind of an abluent take on the world is there is a lot of geopolitical uncertainty by definition. And there is considerable uncertainty around how a K economy manifests itself in terms of Fed policy and then fiscal response function. I mean to just ignore that would be silly. And the markets have come a long way. And then there's also the reality that the private capital class has been democratized over a relatively short period of time. So there will be occasions where folks are going to find out things they don't like around liquidity or issues, whether -- by the way, those are public or private companies. So I don't think it's just blue sky, all boats steaming. What I do think is that for the first time in a long time, the largest investment banks that have global enterprises that have invested in world-class corporate finance bankers who can offer the full set of global idea flow and then risk management around uncertainty through an M&A announcement, which is not just regulatory uncertainty, but it could be foreign exchange. It could be the hedging of interest rates. And then through to the complexity of a rights offering or a sub-IPO, that entire daisy chain, Mike, probably takes us back to something that feels like the mid-90s, for example. It could take us back to periods that are in the mid-00s before credit got out of hand, where you have real companies that are getting out and doing back to basics corporate finance. The difference now is you need the full kit, you need the full global support. And it has been, as you pointed out and rightly pointed out, a lot of talk about a lot of green shoots for a heck of a long time. So some folks have blinked and other folks have continued to invest. And we feel good about that opportunity over the next 3 to 5 years. But will there be periods where the windows could well shut because the geopolitical uncertainty takes us to risk off or asset prices correct? Absolutely. In which case, which companies you bank, which ideas are going to actually be the ones that win the day. That's where winning and losing is going to be made amongst the Global Investment Banking group.**Ted Pick:** ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•ด์˜ค์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์–ด๋А ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ, ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ฆฐ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์Šคํฐ์„œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ EU๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ƒ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ˜•์ฃผ M&A์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์  ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ œ์•ฝ๋„ AI ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜•์ฃผ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋˜์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆœํ’์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ณ , ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํŽธ์— ์„œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์˜์ƒ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  K์žํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ค€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์žฌ์ • ๋Œ€์‘ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ชจ์ž๋ณธ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆœํƒ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœํ’์— ๋›์„ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ธˆ์œต ๋ฑ…์ปค๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, M&A ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธํ™˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ—ค์ง•์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณต๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ IPO์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ, ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ์‡„๊ณผ์ •์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์ธ 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ธˆ์œต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€์ ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ •๋ง ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ๋ณต ์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ 3~5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์˜คํ”„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์กฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ซํžˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์Šน๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์Šน์ž์™€ ํŒจ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Michael Mayo: Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division So you're staffing and resourcing for this capital market cycle for the next 3 or 4 years or so?**Michael Mayo:** ๋„ค, ํ–ฅํ›„ 3-4๋…„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Yes. We have the kind of tension inside where, on the one hand, we have an installed base because, as you know, introducing new bankers on what is sort of the longest sale, it's like a financial adviser. This is like the key event for the CEO, the CFO, the founder. They don't want to meet someone new. So the installed base has to have been there, which is why a lot of the hiring we did, we did over the last 3 to 5 years. On the other hand, you don't want to overhire because you know that investment banks tend to behave procyclically. So is there some tension in the system from folks who want us to have more bodies in front of $3 billion to $5 billion market cap companies to get that sell side? Yes, there is. And I think that's a good thing. When the tension is like a 3, 4, that feels right. If it's 1, that means you're probably overdone. And as you would point out, then you've got to purge and reset and it kind of messes up the narrative. And if it's a 7 or 8, that means, obviously, we haven't made a decision about where we want to have leadership. And we want to have leadership in the core trusted adviser bracket. The integrated firm proposition, of course, is that you may be trusted adviser to a founder and that founder may have a relationship with a wealth manager and that wealth manager then can work with the investment banker, and it's not forced behavior. It's behavior that is something that is a natural because we've been at it together for a long time.**Ted Pick:** ๋„ค, ์ €ํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฑ…์ปค๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์˜์—… ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ธˆ์œต ์ž๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” CEO, CFO, ์ฐฝ์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๋‚œ 3~5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์šฉ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ฑ„์šฉ์€ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœ์‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ด์•ก 30์–ต~50์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ์•ž์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด์„œ ์…€์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋„ค, ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด์žฅ๋„๊ฐ€ 3์ด๋‚˜ 4 ์ •๋„์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ 1์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ 7์ด๋‚˜ 8์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ž(core trusted adviser) ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ œ์•ˆ(integrated firm proposition)์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ฐ์Šค ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์›ฐ์Šค ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll move to our next question from Chris McGratty with KBW.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ KBW์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋งฅ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ‹ฐ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Christopher McGratty: Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division Ted, you talked about the 300 basis points of excess relative to minimums. I guess a 2-part question, just a follow-up. Number one, what's the right level of management buffer there? How that might be evolving and perhaps the algebra behind that? That's the first question.**Christopher McGratty:** ์ตœ์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์ž๋ณธ ๋Œ€๋น„ 300bp์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ๋ฒ„ํผ(management buffer) ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sharon Yeshaya: Executive VP & CFO I mean I think that we've highlighted where we have excess capital. That's obviously on a risk-weighted basis on a -- like a risk asset-based basis. We also have excess capital as it relates to SLR. In terms of how and where it's evolving, it will really depend on everything that we see on the forward. So you think about the models that we're supposed to get from a CCAR perspective, that's going to help us understand base RWA or stress RWAs. You think about Basel, that will help us understand what is base RWAs, then you have to understand the overlap and G-SIB. So those are all 3 pieces on a risk-based capital framework that we're waiting for, and that will help inform us on the forward look as well as the finalized rule on SLR, which I think the industry is really looking forward to seeing so that we can move away from that being a binding constraint and a backstop.**Sharon Yeshaya:** ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์ค‘์ž์‚ฐ(risk-weighted asset) ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ SLR(Supplementary Leverage Ratio)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CCAR(ํฌ๊ด„์  ์ž๋ณธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† ) ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ RWA๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค RWA๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ ค ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ RWA๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๋ณต ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ G-SIB(๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์  ์ค‘์š” ์€ํ–‰)๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€์ž๋ณธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, SLR(๋ณด์™„๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋น„์œจ) ์ตœ์ข… ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” SLR ์ตœ์ข… ๊ทœ์ • ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ตฌ์†์  ์ œ์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์Šคํ†ฑ ์—ญํ• ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board And I don't know if this is Algebra, Chris. But the way I would sort of think about it is in line with what Sharon just said is I believe on the last call, I said 200 plus, and we were at 15 for the quarter. And obviously, there's isolation from period to period, but we were at 200 plus, I said, we said, right? And then this quarter went from 15 to [indiscernible], notwithstanding, obviously, the payout of the dividend and the buyback because we just accreted more capital. We also, during the period, received the reconsideration on CCAR from the Fed to the tune of another 80 basis points. So 80 plus 20, that's 100. And so I'd say the 200 goes to 250 plus in the spirit of conservatism, taking 50 out of the 100, all right? So 200 on was sort of 200 plus was the prior. 250 plus feels like the way to say it. Sure, we could say more because the actual number is 340. The implied buffer is there. I think others have said colleagues on prior calls, and I would much agree with and repeat the algebra, as you say, around the number, by definition, you need to have effectively a buffer and a buffer because of the regulatory uncertainty which nodule is the governor and then the entire process of going through submissions and the like. We're hoping some simplification, some additional transparency, which we're much seeing from the Fed and the other regulators, which we are -- it's early days, but we're really heartened by that. There's more of a common sense approach to this should, by definition, over time, prudently lower the size of anyone's buffer because they just know predictively what framework they are being measured by as opposed to the uncertainty underlying the test itself in times that are relatively not uncertain for large, well-capitalized banks 15 years after Dodd-Frank. So that would be the way to think about it in terms of the size of the buffer. But if you wanted to just jot down a number, I'd say 250 plus is a comfortable way to go from here. Did you have another question? No, it looks like we're moving here. We're moving.**Ted Pick:** ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ƒค๋ก ์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฝœ์—์„œ 200 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 15์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 200 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 15์—์„œ [์‹๋ณ„๋ถˆ๊ฐ€]๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ถ•์ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ CCAR ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ 80๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šคํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค 20, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 100์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 100 ์ค‘ 50์„ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ 200์ด 250 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์—๋Š” 200 ์ •๋„, 200 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” 250 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 340์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๋ฒ„ํผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ „ ์ฝœ์—์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์˜์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ„ํผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์ œ์•ฝ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ , ์ œ์ถœ ๊ณผ์ • ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”์™€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์˜์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์™„์ถฉ์ž๋ณธ(buffer)์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋„๋“œ-ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋ฒ• ์ดํ›„ 15๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋ณธ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.

์™„์ถฉ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, 250bp ์ด์ƒ์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ด์ œ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”. ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Our next question comes from Saul Martinez with HSBC.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ HSBC์˜ ์‚ฌ์šธ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋„ค์ฆˆ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Okay. Saul, you're the last one up. I'm getting signals that you're -- let's make it up really softball, softball, softball here at 10:40, please.**Ted Pick:** ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†”, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž๋„ค์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ 10์‹œ 40๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ์‰ฌ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Saul Martinez: HSBC Global Investment Research Well, I'll do my best. I think I'm going to ask a question, I think, in a way you've been asked a few times about the sustainability of the results in Institutional Securities. But I guess I'll ask it a little bit more bluntly. You did 20% ROTCE this quarter through 9 months, 17%. I guess can you sustain this type of profitability in Institutional Securities because it would imply that given your business mix, you would imply that your ROCE at a consolidated level would be above 20%. And IBCs, obviously, this quarter, very strong at levels we haven't seen since 2021. Obviously, a lot of room for optimism for a lot of the reasons you've highlighted, Ted. But we are really in a sweet spot, it seems because markets businesses are also humming and doing extremely well. So I'm just curious your perspective, is an environment where investment banking continues to grow over a multiyear period? Is it consistent with a backdrop where markets revenues can be sustained at these levels or even grow given these businesses do benefit from volatile economic and market backdrops, recognizing that there are many sources of durability, too, and perhaps more than there have been in the past. But I don't know if that's a softball question, but I'll try to put a bow on the conference call and leave you with that one.**Saul Martinez:** ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ 20%์˜ ROTCE(์œ ํ˜•์ž๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ )๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ , 9๊ฐœ์›” ๋ˆ„๊ณ„๋กœ๋Š” 17%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ROCE(์ž๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ )๊ฐ€ 20%๋ฅผ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  IBC(ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— 2021๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Ted๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‚™๊ด€ํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค๋„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์›์ฒœ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋งˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ted Pick: CEO & Chairman of the Board Yes. I thought you said it nicely. I wouldn't though call a softball. It is sort of medium ball, but a very fair question and sort of kind of a cousin of Mike's question. Look, again, 6,700 S&P, you are going to have businesses that are going to -- if you execute well, you're going to have performance, assuming the operating model is well functioning and tight credit spreads, the financing flywheel should work. If you have lower asset prices and deleveraging and credit spreads widen because there's a recession concern or an inflation scare, my guess is markets businesses generally are going to perform less well. I mean that -- there's no untying that link. So some of this has to be driven by whether you think we are at the early stages of a reacceleration of growth in the U.S. economy and then the global economy, and there are signs that, that is happening or you think you're actually in a later stage of market evolution, i.e., the economy may be okay, but the markets have had a huge run. Risk assets have had a huge run, and we are going to chop around or even trade lower, in which case then the markets businesses are generally on the street going to have to work through that. That having been said, we spent a lot of time doing everything we can to make sure that there is durability inside of these businesses that we are an essential 1, 2, 3 partner to the largest asset managers with whom we are wedded to and that we are doing business that we think is right in line with advising our clients that we -- you see it, the VaR ticks up, but not dramatically, that the use of capital is prudent, but that we are connecting not just inside of equities, but across fixed income. I'd call out, by the way, that the performance of the fixed income business for the last whole bunch of quarters has been remarkably stable. That speaks to the management of that business as a part of a durable narrative inside of the Investment Bank, but then across the firm. The investment banking flywheel, again, is also activity-based and economically sensitive. But we do think that the pent-up supply there is going to have to come. And we do believe that in the investment banking and capital markets new issue arena, we are gaining share. We would be seeking to do that globally over the next year or 2 years. And then as it relates to the markets business, i.e., sales and trading of stocks and bonds, we want to do it prudently. We're not looking to overreach. We are well aware of what the underlying valuation narrative is for Morgan Stanley. We want to serve our clients. We want to help fill capacity and capability for them, but we are going to continue to have a high bar on what new business we take on and how it generates incremental margin.**Ted Pick:** ๋„ค, ์ข‹์€ ์ง€์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, S&P 6,700 ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์šฉ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ดํŠธํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํœ (financing flywheel)์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด ์šฐ๋ ค๋‚˜ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ณตํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ ์šฉ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์žฌ๊ฐ€์†์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๊ฐ€์†์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง•ํ›„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํฐ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์œ„ํ—˜์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ 1, 2, 3์ˆœ์œ„ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. VaR(์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ€์น˜)๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทน์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ณธ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์‹๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ดํœ ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ฆฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ 1-2๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ผ“ ์‚ฌ์—…, ์ฆ‰ ์ฃผ์‹๊ณผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ธ์ผ์ฆˆ ๋ฐ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋”ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐธ๋ฅ˜์—์ด์…˜ ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๋ถ„ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you, everyone, for participating. You may now disconnect, and have a great day.**Operator:** ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋˜์„ธ์š”.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

Here's a summary of the key points from the earnings call transcript in Korean:

โ€ข ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ „๋ง:
- ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด "ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ"์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ
- IPO์™€ M&A ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทœ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ค‘
- ํŠนํžˆ AI ๊ด€๋ จ ํˆฌ์ž ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ

โ€ข ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ:
- ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋งˆ์ผ“๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„นํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ ์œ ์ž…์ด ์ง€์†๋จ
- Workplace ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ž์‚ฐ ์œ ์ž…์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ
- 30% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ์ „์ด์ต๋ฅ  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ

โ€ข ์ž๋ณธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ:
- ์•ฝ 300bp์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด์œ  ์ค‘
- ๋ฐฐ๋‹น์€ ์ฃผ๋‹น $1๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์œ ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ •
- ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์€ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ์ „๋ง์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.