โ†

๐Ÿ“„ Earnings Call Transcript ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๐Ÿ“Š Presentation

Original Translation
Navient Corporation (NAVI) Q4 2025 Earnings Call January 28, 2026 8:00 AM EST

Company Participants

Jen Earyes - Head of Investor Relations
David L.
# ๋‚˜๋น„์–ธํŠธ ์ฝ”ํผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ (NAVI) 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ
2026๋…„ 1์›” 28์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ (๋™๋ถ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์‹œ)

## ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์„์ž

์   ์ด์–ด์˜ˆ์Šค(Jen Earyes) - ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ
๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ L.

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*[์ฐธ๊ณ : ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์›๋ฌธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.]*
Yowan - President, CEO & Director
Stephen Hauber - Executive VP & CFO

Conference Call Participants

William Ryan - Seaport Research Partners
Jeffrey Adelson - Morgan Stanley, Research Division
Terry Ma - Barclays Bank PLC, Research Division
Richard Shane - JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division
Caroline Latta - BofA Securities, Research Division
Sanjay Sakhrani - Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division
Mark DeVries - Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Good morning and welcome to the Navient Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. This call is being recorded.
์š”์™„ - ์‚ฌ์žฅ, CEO ๊ฒธ ์ด์‚ฌ
์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ•˜์šฐ๋ฒ„ - ์ „๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฒธ CFO

์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ ์ฐธ์„์ž

์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋ผ์ด์–ธ - ์‹œํฌํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์Šค
์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์• ๋“ค์Šจ - ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ - ๋ฐ”ํด๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์€ํ–‰ PLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ์…ฐ์ธ - JP๋ชจ๊ฑด ์ฒด์ด์Šค ์•ค ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์บ๋กค๋ผ์ธ ๋ผํƒ€ - ๋ฑ…ํฌ์˜ค๋ธŒ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฆ๊ถŒ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์‚ฐ์ œ์ด ์‚ฌํฌ๋ผ๋‹ˆ - ํ‚คํ”„, ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์—ฃ ์•ค ์šฐ์ฆˆ, ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๋งˆํฌ ๋“œ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šค - ๋„์ด์ฒด๋ฐฉํฌ AG, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ

๋ฐœํ‘œ

์šด์˜์ž

์ข‹์€ ์•„์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋น„์–ธํŠธ 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋…น์Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[Operator Instructions] At this time, I will turn the call over to Jen Earyes, Navient's Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Jen Earyes
Head of Investor Relations

Hello. Good morning and welcome to Navient's earnings call for the fourth quarter of 2025. With me today are David Yowan, Navient's CEO; and Steve Hauber, Navient's CFO. After their prepared remarks, we will open up the call for questions. Today's discussion is accompanied by a presentation, which you can find on navient.com/investors.
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์€ ์•„์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ Navient ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ Navient์˜ CEO์ธ David Yowan๊ณผ CFO์ธ Steve Hauber๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ navient.com/investors์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Before we begin, keep in mind our discussion will contain predictions, expectations, forward-looking statements and other information about our business that is based on management's current expectations as of the date of this presentation. Actual results in the future may be materially different from those discussed here. This could be due to a variety of factors. Listeners should refer to the discussion of those factors on the company's Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC. During this conference call, we will refer to non-GAAP financial measures, including core earnings, adjusted tangible equity ratio and various other non-GAAP financial measures that are derived from core earnings.์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ง„์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๋ณธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์œ ๋…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ Form 10-K ๋ฐ SEC์— ์ œ์ถœ๋œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ต(core earnings), ์กฐ์ •์œ ํ˜•์ž๋ณธ๋น„์œจ(adjusted tangible equity ratio) ๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ต์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„-GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋น„-GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Our GAAP results, description of our non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of core earnings to GAAP results can be found in Navient's fourth quarter 2025 earnings release, which is posted on our website. Thank you. And now I will turn the call over to Dave. David L. Yowan
President, CEO & Director

Thanks, Jen. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining the call and for your interest in Navient. First, Joe Fisher is joining me this morning. I want to extend our sincere thanks to Joe for his dedicated service over 20-plus years and the solid foundation and team he helped build. We wish Joe all the best in his next endeavor.
์ €ํฌ์˜ GAAP ์‹ค์ , ๋น„-GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ต๊ณผ GAAP ์‹ค์  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐ์ •๋‚ด์—ญ์€ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋œ Navient์˜ 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ Dave์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

David L. Yowan
๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฒธ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Jen. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  Navient์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ Joe Fisher๊ฐ€ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ํŒ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Joe์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Joe์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ–‰๋ณด์— ํ–‰์šด์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I'm also joined this morning by Steve Hauber, who was appointed Chief Financial Officer earlier this month. Steve is also a 20-plus year veteran of the company and brings strong leadership and deep experience to the role. He most recently served as our Chief Administrative Officer and played a key role in managing our transformation and our expense reduction efforts. Steve's appointment is part of a broader set of changes that better align our management structure with the business strategy for Earnest and Navient that we shared in November.์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ ์ดˆ ์ตœ๊ณ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž(CFO)๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…๋œ Steve Hauber๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Steve ์—ญ์‹œ 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ชธ๋‹ด์•„์˜จ ๋ฒ ํ…Œ๋ž‘์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ง์ฑ…์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ…์ž„์ž(Chief Administrative Officer)๋กœ ์žฌ์งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Steve์˜ ์ž„๋ช…์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 11์›” ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ Earnest์™€ Navient์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ „๋žต์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ผํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As we mentioned in November, starting January 1, our in-school lending business was transferred from Earnest to Navient to consolidate our education activities, which also includes the legacy FFELP and private loan portfolios. This morning, we reported Q4 and full year results that demonstrate our underlying ability to drive high-quality loan growth, while at the same time reducing operating expenses. Our reported results include an additional provision on our private legacy portfolio and restructuring costs largely related to our expense reduction initiatives.11์›”์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด Earnest์—์„œ Navient๋กœ ์ด๊ด€๋˜์–ด ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด FFELP ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์‹ค์ ์—๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
During 2025, we effectively completed our Phase 1 transformation within legacy Navient and will exceed our $400 million expense reduction objective. These operating expense reductions increase our already substantial future life of loan cash flows by $2 billion cumulatively, providing increased financial flexibility and even greater levels of capital for new growth. The benefits of our investments at Earnest and the expense reductions we have achieved are reflected in the operating leverage within our 2026 outlook. We expect that we can fund year-on-year loan growth of $1.5 billion or 60% with total expenses that are lower than last year by roughly 20%.2025๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ Navient ๋‚ด์—์„œ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 4์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์กด์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ˆ„์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ 20์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ทœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Earnest์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์€ 2026๋…„ ์ „๋ง์˜ ์˜์—… ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 15์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” 60%์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 20% ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As set out in November, we are operating with lower expenses and also with improved capital efficiency, which should enable us to finance our growth plans simply by utilizing the capital being released from the existing back book portfolio. Earnest had its strongest quarter of the year, more than doubling origination volume year-over-year, accompanied by high credit quality, totaling approximately $634 million in new refi loans. This brings full year refi originations to $2.1 billion, more than doubling volume from the prior year. In-school lending also had a great year, originating its highest ever level of new loans of $401 million with strong credit quality and margins.11์›”์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ณธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฑ๋ถ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ณ„ํš์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Earnest๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์‹ ์šฉ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•ฝ 6์–ต 3,400๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก์€ 21์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋„ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 4์–ต 100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Steve will take you through some more detailed statistics showing the continued momentum at Earnest in a few minutes. We continue to invest in capabilities at Earnest. An important part of the executive changes we made earlier this month was the establishment of a vertically integrated CFO role at Earnest. We're currently conducting a search for fintech experience to fill it. The momentum at Earnest and the actions we took in 2025 position us well going into the new year. Turning to guidance for 2026. We're currently targeting total loan originations of $4 billion, which would represent growth of approximately 60% over 2025.Steve๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ํ›„ Earnest์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” Earnest์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋‹ฌ ์ดˆ ๋‹จํ–‰ํ•œ ์ž„์›์ง„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ Earnest์— ์ˆ˜์ง ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ CFO ์—ญํ• ์„ ์‹ ์„คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ์ง์ฑ…์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•€ํ…Œํฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Earnest์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€๊ณผ 2025๋…„์— ์ทจํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์€ ์‹ ๋…„๋„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ 40์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 2025๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 60%์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We expect refi and in-school lending growth of over 50% each and less than $100 million for personal lending while we continue our pilot program. As you see, we took incremental provision in the fourth quarter, largely relating to the private legacy portfolio, which were loans originated more than a decade ago. There were minimal additional provisions for FFELP or refi loans. While this provision has a significant impact on reported earnings per share, the effect on the life of loan cash we expect to receive from the legacy portfolios is immaterial. Steve will take you through these in more detail in just a minute.์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ๊ณผ ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 50% ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์„ ์ ๋ฆฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „์— ์‹คํ–‰๋œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. FFELP๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Steve๊ฐ€ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We also continue to return capital to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends and expect to continue to do so in 2026, with share repurchases being opportunistic as they were in 2025. When I assumed the CEO role in 2023, the company had multiple business lines and products, supported by a significant shared service footprint of capabilities and expenses. The executive organizational structure at that time reflected an operating company business model with multiple enterprise functional heads reporting into the CEO. We have been migrating and expect to continue to migrate toward a holding company management structure with carefully managed and lower central costs.๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ™˜์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2026๋…„์—๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์€ 2025๋…„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ 2023๋…„ CEO ์ง์ฑ…์„ ๋งก์•˜์„ ๋‹น์‹œ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณต์œ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋“ค์ด CEO์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…ํšŒ์‚ฌ(operating company) ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ค‘์•™ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ง€์ฃผํšŒ์‚ฌ(holding company) ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Earnest's and Navient's education finance activities will both manage directly more of the services needed to operate their respective business. The organizational structure we announced earlier this month are another step in this migration. I'm very excited about Navient's and Earnest's prospects for 2026 and we look forward to reporting on our achievements in the coming quarters. With that, I'll turn it over to Steve, who will provide more detail on Q4 results and our 2026 outlook. Stephen Hauber
Executive VP & CFO

Thank you, Dave and thank you, everyone, for joining today's call. I will review the fourth quarter and full year 2025 results and will provide our outlook for 2026.
์–ด๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๋‚˜๋น„์–ธํŠธ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ธˆ์œต ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์šด์˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ ์ดˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐœํŽธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” 2026๋…„ ๋‚˜๋น„์–ธํŠธ์™€ ์–ด๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ 2026๋…„ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ•˜์šฐ๋ฒ„
์ „๋ฌด์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฒธ ์ตœ๊ณ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž(CFO)

๋ฐ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  2026๋…„ ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
During the fourth quarter, our actions to further reduce operating expenses position us to overdeliver on the $400 million expense reduction target in our legacy activities established 2 years ago. At the same time, Earnest continued to demonstrate strong loan origination growth with its highest refi quarter of the year, ending the year with total originations of $2.5 billion. We also provided for additional expected credit losses in our private legacy portfolio and recorded restructuring costs related to our expense reduction efforts. In total, core earnings per share for the fourth quarter were $0.02. On a full year basis, we reported core loss per share of $0.35.4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์—…๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 2๋…„ ์ „ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ 4์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— Earnest๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค‘ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก 25์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์šฉ์†์‹ค์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ 0.02๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋‹น 0.35๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ˆœ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Let's turn to Slide 6, where I will review Earnest loan origination growth in 2025. Refi originations were $2.1 billion in 2025, which doubled the volume from the prior year. Refi rate check volume, measured as prospective refi customers completing a soft credit pull to receive a personalized rate quote increased nearly 3x from 2024 to 2025. This growth demonstrates positive tailwinds and strong demand for our refi product. We are generating demand and converting volume efficiently. As you can see on the slide, both sales and marketing and other operating expenses as a percentage of originations improved meaningfully year-over-year, down 29% and 35%, respectively.์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 6์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ, 2025๋…„ Earnest ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก์€ 21์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ, ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์กฐํšŒ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋Š”, ์ฆ‰ ์ž ์žฌ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฌ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์‹ ์šฉ์กฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2024๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 2025๋…„์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ 3๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆœํ’๊ณผ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก ๋Œ€๋น„ ํŒ๋งค ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 29%์™€ 35% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
These efficiency gains are lowering our cost per dollar of volume and driving stronger operating leverage as we scale. Capital efficiency is also improving. As we shifted toward vertical securitization structures, the amount of equity required to finance these loans has declined materially. To summarize the refi story in 2025, demand is improving. We're efficiently converting that demand into high-quality loan volume. We deliver a great customer experience and we're benefiting from both stronger operating leverage and improved capital efficiency. In-school originations also grew to $401 million in 2025, approximately half of which related to borrowers pursuing graduate degrees.์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜์—… ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์ฆ๊ถŒํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋ณธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜์—… ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž๋ณธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก๋„ 2025๋…„์— 4์–ต 100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ์•ฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ž…์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We remain focused on the 2026 peak season, the expanded market opportunities and targeting strong growth in 2026. We are approaching the graduate lending market expansion with discipline and strong momentum. Our platform, partnerships and underwriting discipline put us in a good position to serve our target customer segments with our highly rated products and customer experience. Slide 7 provides similar loan origination growth information and compares the fourth quarter of 2025 to the same quarter in the prior year.์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2026๋…„ ์„ฑ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ, ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2026๋…„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์œจ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋‚˜์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ทœ์œจ์€ ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ธต์— ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 7์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋…„๋„ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We maintained our positive growth momentum in the fourth quarter with refi origination growth of 2x, improving trajectory for our expense efficiency metrics and strong credit quality. I'll now cover segment financial results, beginning with the Consumer Lending segment on Slide 8. Fourth quarter net income was $25 million compared to $37 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Consumer lending net interest income declined year-over-year, mostly due to lower outstanding balances and the product mix of the portfolio. Looking forward, we expect consumer lending net interest income in 2026 to remain relatively stable compared to the back half of '25.4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์•ก์€ 2๋ฐฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„  ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์šฉ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๋„ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 8์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์žฌ๋ฌด ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ 2,500๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 2024๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ 3,700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ด์ต์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ž”์•ก ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „๋ง์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 2026๋…„ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ด์ต์€ 2025๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We expect new originations to outpace the amortization of the portfolio in 2026, leading to growth in our total outstanding balance of private loans. Year-over-year expenses in the fourth quarter were down slightly as efficiency gains more than offset the expense impact from higher origination volume. Moving to credit. Private charge-off rates declined from 2.48% in the third quarter to 2.24% in the fourth quarter. Delinquency rates increased from the third quarter to fourth quarter with 31-plus day delinquency rates increasing from 6.1% to 6.3% and 91-plus delinquencies increasing from 2.8% to 2.9%.2026๋…„์—๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ƒํ™˜์•ก์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž”์•ก์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋‚จ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ (charge-off rate)์€ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ 2.48%์—์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ 2.24%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์€ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 31์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์€ 6.1%์—์„œ 6.3%๋กœ, 91์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์€ 2.8%์—์„œ 2.9%๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We recorded provision of $43 million in the fourth quarter, $9 million of which was related to new originations. The remainder primarily reflects the weaker macroeconomic outlook and a response to fourth quarter delinquency trends, largely within our legacy private loan portfolio. Federal Education Loans segment results are on Slide 9. Fourth quarter net income of $27 million was $8 million lower than the third quarter, mostly due to third quarter net interest income benefiting from the adoption of lower prepayment rate assumptions. Comparing Q4 to the prior year quarter, net income was $17 million higher.4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— 4,300๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์†์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์„ ์ ๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ 900๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ™”๋œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ง๊ณผ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ ์ถ”์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๊ต์œก๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์‹ค์ ์€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 9์— ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ 2,700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 800๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ƒํ™˜์œจ ๊ฐ€์ • ์ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ 1,700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The increase reflects lower provision and the impact of decreasing interest rates on the different index resets on assets and debt. Additionally, expenses in this segment were 20% lower, facilitated by our variable cost structure from outsourcing the servicing of our portfolio. Provision in the federal segment in the fourth quarter fell to $1 million. The total delinquency rate improved slightly from Q3, declining from 18.1% to 17.5%, while the net charge-off rate rose 8 basis points to 23 basis points. The higher charge-off rate in the quarter primarily reflects loans to borrowers affected by 2024 natural disasters that were written off in the quarter.์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์žฌ์„ค์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 20% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„œ๋น„์‹ฑ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™๋น„์šฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋•๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์€ 100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์€ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์–ด 18.1%์—์„œ 17.5%๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์€ 8bp ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ 23bp๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฅ  ์ƒ์Šน์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ 2024๋…„ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฐจ์ฃผ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
FFELP prepayments remained historically low at $225 million in the fourth quarter compared to $322 million a year ago and over $1 billion 2 years ago. With the slow amortization of the FFELP loan portfolio, we expect relatively stable net interest income throughout 2026, barring unexpected macro events impacting the interest rate environment. The allowance for loan loss, excluding expected future recoveries on previously charged-off loans for our entire education loan portfolio is $707 million, which is highlighted on Slide 10. Slide 11 shows the results from our Business Processing segment.FFELP ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ƒํ™˜์€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— 2์–ต 2,500๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ตœ์ €์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ 3์–ต 2,200๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 2๋…„ ์ „ 10์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. FFELP ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋А๋ฆฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ, 2026๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆœ์ด์ž์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๊ต์œก๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์†์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์€, ์ด์ „์— ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  7์–ต 700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 10์— ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 11์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์‹ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In October, we completed our final obligations under the Transition Services Agreement, or TSA, for our government services business. The TSA revenues and expenses from this quarter represent the tail end of this activity, totaled less than $1 million and are reported in the Other segment. The earlier-than-expected completion of the TSA allowed us to begin our final push to remove remaining legacy shared expenses. We will overdeliver on our $400 million expense reduction target. More detail on the total expenses can be found on Slide 12. We closed 2025 with fourth quarter total core operating expenses of $88 million, a 40% improvement compared to the fourth quarter of 2024.10์›”์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณ„์•ฝ(TSA, Transition Services Agreement)์ƒ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์˜๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ TSA ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด 100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ TSA ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ๊ณต์œ  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 12์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2025๋…„์„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ 8,800๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 2024๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 40% ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Restructuring expenses were $11 million in the quarter, as we recognized charges related to our legacy structure and environment that will no longer be in our expense run rate. This included $6 million of restructuring costs related to the earlier-than-expected retirement of significant components of our former technology infrastructure. Full year 2025 total expenses were $438 million, a decrease of close to 50% compared to 2023. This decrease is the direct result of our focused and aggressive efforts to reduce our expense base through divesting the BPS business, transitioning to a variable servicing expense structure and significantly reducing our corporate expenses.๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ 1,100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 600๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025 ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„ ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์€ 4์–ต 3,800๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ, 2023๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 50% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” BPS ์‚ฌ์—… ๋งค๊ฐ, ๋ณ€๋™ ์„œ๋น„์‹ฑ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—… ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As illustrated on Slide 12, this momentum is continuing into 2026. Let's turn to our capital allocation and financing activity that is highlighted on Slide 13. In the fourth quarter, we completed our fourth securitization of the year, bringing our total issuance in 2025 to nearly $2.2 billion of term ABS financing. We continue to see strong investor demand and achieved high effective cash advance rates in these financings. Our current cash and capital positions provide ample capacity to distribute capital and invest in strong loan origination growth.์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 12์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์€ 2026๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 13์— ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2025๋…„ ์ด ๋ฐœํ–‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์•ฝ 22์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ABS ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์‹คํšจ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ๊ธ‰๋ฅ (effective cash advance rate)์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ณธ ํฌ์ง€์…˜์€ ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In the fourth quarter, we repurchased 2.1 million shares at an average price of $12.67, as our shares remain significantly below tangible book value. In total, we returned $41 million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends while maintaining a strong balance sheet with an adjusted tangible equity ratio of 9.1%. Slide 14 provides our outlook for full year 2026. We are targeting total loan originations of $4 billion with growth rates over 50% for both our refi and in-school loan products. We expect to achieve this growth while reaping the benefits of our investments in capabilities at Earnest and our legacy expense reduction efforts.4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์ฃผ๋‹น 12.67๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— 210๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ ์žฅ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ‘๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 4,100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ™˜์›ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ • ์œ ํ˜•์ž๋ณธ๋น„์œจ 9.1%๋กœ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 14๋Š” 2026 ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„ ์ „๋ง์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์•ก 40์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ๊ณผ ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ 50% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Earnest์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Specifically, we expect expenses in 2026 of $350 million, which is $88 million lower than 2025 total expenses. Our outlook for full year 2026 core EPS is a range of $0.65 to $0.80. This range is net of a $0.35 to $0.40 per share impact due to upfront CECL charges and operating expenses related to our expected $1.5 billion year-over-year increase in loan originations. As I wrap up my comments, I want to express my appreciation to Joe for his years of valuable contributions to the company. I'd also like to thank the Navient team for their continued dedication throughout our strategic transformation. Thank you for your time, and I will now open the call for any questions.๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, 2026๋…„ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 3์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 2025๋…„ ์ด ๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ 8,800๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๋„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต(Core EPS) ์ „๋ง์น˜๋Š” 0.65๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 0.80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 15์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ์ œ์  CECL ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฃผ๋‹น 0.35๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 0.40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  Joe์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ—Œ์‹ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ Navient ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

# Navient Corporation (NAVI) Q4 2025 ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์š”์•ฝ

## ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ

โ€ข **๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”**: 2025๋…„ ์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์•ก 25์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€. ์žฌ์œต์ž(refi) ๋Œ€์ถœ 21์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ 4์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก. 2026๋…„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด 40์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹คํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 60% ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋ง. ์žฌ์œต์ž ๋ฐ ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 50% ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ.

โ€ข **๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ**: ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ 4์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ. 2025๋…„ ์ด ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ 4์–ต3,800๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 2023๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 50% ๊ฐ์†Œ. 2026๋…„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 3์–ต5,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 2025๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 8,800๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ „๋ง. ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ˆ„์  ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ 20์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ.

โ€ข **์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์••๋ฐ• ๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€**: Q4 2025 ํ•ต์‹ฌ EPS 0.02๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ EPS -0.35๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์†์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋ก. 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „ ์‹คํ–‰๋œ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์„ค์ •์ด ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ. 2026๋…„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ EPS ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋Š” 0.65~0.80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ด๋‚˜, ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋Œ€์ถœ


โ“ Q&A

Original Translation
Operator: [Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Bill Ryan with Seaport Research Partners.**Operator:** [์šด์˜์ž ์•ˆ๋‚ด] ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Seaport Research Partners์˜ Bill Ryan ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Seaport Research Partners: Congratulations, Steve. First question is on the credit metrics of the private legacy portfolio. Obviously, a big question among investors is about reserve adequacy and there's been some deterioration since you took the charge in the third quarter. Could you maybe walk us through what you saw over the course of the quarter that prompted you to bump up the reserve rate or build the reserves for that portfolio and the provision and some idea of what the ending reserve rate on the legacy portfolio is? And I have one follow-up.**Seaport Research Partners:** ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Steve. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ, 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์‹  ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์•…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์…จ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์„ ์ ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์†๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ง ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Bill, thanks for your comments. Let me start out by providing some context of the -- what we've seen across our portfolios over the last 2 quarters and the actions that we've taken to respond to those. If you go back to the third quarter, we conducted a comprehensive review of the assumptions underlying the life of loan cash flows for our legacy portfolios. When we did that, we made assumption changes around the level of prepayments that we're seeing in both the FFELP portfolio and the private legacy portfolios. Those assumptions extended the life of the portfolios significantly in some cases. We also looked at the default and delinquency experiences that we've had over the preceding recent history and we made some adjustments based on what we had seen there about the life of loan cash flows. We also made some assumption changes about future financings that impact the periodicity and the amount of the life of loan cash flows. So we did that all in the third quarter and cumulatively and in isolation from everything else that was going on in the portfolio, those assumption changes increased our expected life of loan cash flows by a little less than $200 million. As we went into the fourth quarter, the recording that you see there really reflects 2 things. One is, there was a deterioration -- a further deterioration in the macroeconomic scenario. That deterioration impacts all portfolios and represents about 20% of the back book provision that we're taking this quarter. The rest of the back book provision is almost exclusively focused and related to the private legacy portfolio. These are loans originated more than a decade ago, where we did see the sequential increases in delinquency rates that Steve described for you. Those delinquency rates are in the Consumer Lending segment, which includes private legacy, refi and in-school as well. If you look into the segments there, the delinquency increases were almost exclusively focused in private legacy. And so our provision expense responds to what we saw in the fourth quarter with what we think is an appropriate provision. I think Steve can talk about the end of quarter reserve levels, which is the second part of your question.**David L. Yowan:** ๋นŒ, ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ทจํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ FFELP ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์–‘์ชฝ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ƒํ™˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์กด์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์—ฐ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋„(default) ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์ฒด(delinquency) ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„(life of loan cash flows)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์žฌ์œต์ž(refinancing)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ„์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด 2์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์•…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•…ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋ถ(back book) ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์˜ ์•ฝ 20%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ(private legacy) ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „์— ์‹คํ–‰๋œ ๋Œ€์ถœ๋กœ, Steve๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์€ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ, ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(refi), ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์—ฐ์ฒด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ง ์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Steve๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
Stephen Hauber: Executive VP & CFO Yes. On the reserve coverage, we ended the year in the mid-3% range. I think the way to think about that, clearly, that reserve coverage will shift over time as the mix of our portfolio for private changes with more of the portfolio centered around refi. And so when you think about the 3.5%, it's a blend, similar to what Dave was saying, as we look at the statistics in the Consumer Lending segment, similarly, you have that blend and mix issue with the refi and legacy. But 3.5% is the amount we're at year-end.**Stephen Hauber:** ๋„ค, ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€(reserve coverage)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์—ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 3% ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ฏน์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(์žฌ์œต์ž) ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 3.5%๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Dave๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ(๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ€์ถœ) ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์™€ ๋ฏน์Šค ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 3.5%๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director If you look today, Bill, over half of the private legacy portfolio is refi, that percentage given where we're originating and where we're rolling off is only going to increase into the future. And so NIM reserve ratios, et cetera, are migrating more towards the representative of the refi portfolio and less of private legacy on a segment basis.**David L. Yowan:** ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋นŒ, ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(์žฌ์œต์ž)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ๋„๋ž˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๋น„์œจ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆœ์ด์ž๋งˆ์ง„(NIM) ์ ๋ฆฝ๊ธˆ ๋น„์œจ ๋“ฑ์ด ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Seaport Research Partners: Okay. And one follow-up, more of an accounting-related question. Obviously, the $4 billion origination is above the consensus. I believe it's somewhere between $3.4 billion and $3.5 billion. And you noted that the growth investments included the expected CECL charges, you're out looking for a fintech-type CFO. Has there been any internal discussion or thought about the use of fair value accounting? Obviously, that would kind of like alleviate some of the pressures that you're facing as it relates to the CECL tax and puts you on a level playing field with several of your peers that have already adopted that accounting methodology.**Seaport Research Partners:** ๋„ค, ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 40์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ค์ด์…˜(origination, ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰)์€ ์ปจ์„ผ์„œ์Šค์ธ 34์–ต~35์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž์— ์˜ˆ์ƒ CECL ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•€ํ…Œํฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ CFO๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์ •๊ฐ€์น˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„(fair value accounting) ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด๋‹น ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , CECL ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜๋“ค์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Yes. Bill, we're certainly looking at others in the space that have utilized fair value accounting. We're not ready to announce that at any -- certainly at this point in time but it's certainly something that's on our radar screen, is what I would say.**David L. Yowan:** ๋„ค, Bill, ์ €ํฌ๋„ ๊ณต์ •๊ฐ€์น˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„(fair value accounting)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ €ํฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll take our next question from Jeff Adelson with Morgan Stanley.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œํ”„ ์• ๋ธ์Šจ ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeffrey Adelson: Morgan Stanley, Research Division It's nice to see the origination guide and you make reference to this additional $1.5 billion. I guess I'm just curious with -- given the opportunity you've got ahead, I know you're still maybe piloting in the personal loan space here but you do have this nice PLUS opportunity ahead. I'm curious if, #1, you've continued to do any work or any findings you can share with us on what you think that PLUS opportunity could be for you ultimately maybe on an annual basis? And just in light of the acceleration in originations and that PLUS opportunity, you still do have this runoff overall in the portfolio from the legacy in the FFELP book. Just kind of curious like how you're thinking about eventually returning to positive loan growth, positive top line growth and how long that might take at this point in your view?**Jeffrey Adelson:** ๋„ค, ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ค์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 15์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, PLUS ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, PLUS ๋ก  ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์‹  ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ PLUS ๋ก  ๊ธฐํšŒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ค์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์™€ PLUS ๋ก  ๊ธฐํšŒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ FFELP ์žฅ๋ถ€์˜ ๋Ÿฐ์˜คํ”„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „์ฒด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ง์”€ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Yes. Thanks for the question, Jeff. There's a lot there. I'll try to address all parts of it. Look, the personal loan launch, we did manage to a cross-sell launch in the fourth quarter. We've also begun to go outside our existing customer base. We're very much -- it's too early to call or share any results from that other than to say that we're achieving the testing and learning that we set out in the initial launch and we're encouraged by the initial results. Even if we address our less than $100 million that we've talked about, it's still going to be a pilot year for us in 2026. And so it's not going to impact our financials in any meaningful way in 2026. The PLUS opportunity, we sized that for '26 in the November presentation at around $3 billion, I would say that '26 is clearly a year of transition and I think you're seeing this from others in the industry as well. I think there's a high degree of variability and uncertainty about exactly how that -- how long that transition period is going to be and exactly what the market opportunity are. We're very excited and confident about our ability to grow that book of business at more than 50% in 2026 and we're very focused on that. In terms of the runoff and the mix, I think Steve provided some -- an interesting comment in his remarks. I don't know this for sure but it may be the first time in a while but the balances in the private legacy portfolio are actually going to be stable year-over-year. So we're originating loans that is more than offsetting the runoff of private legacy and other portfolios as well. That's been a long time coming, as I'm sure you can appreciate in the loan growth that we are projecting and targeting for this year, which we have a lot of momentum. You can see in the fourth quarter, it was our best quarter ever at Earnest. One of the things for the year, one of the things that we are seeing is an increased interest from federal borrowers to refinance. If you go to the November presentation, as well in the appendix, we showed some of the interest rates that are associated with federal lending over the last few years. There's opportunities for customers to lower their rates and for us to make high-quality loans. We continue to see that into January. And so we're very optimistic and confident about our ability to continue the momentum on that loan growth in that particular product.**David L. Yowan:** ๋„ค, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Jeff. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ถœ์‹œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์…€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ธต์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ถœ์‹œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, 2026๋…„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ์šด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2026๋…„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ ์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PLUS ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 11์›” ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—์„œ 2026๋…„ ์•ฝ 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†๋ ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ 2026๋…„์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ 50% ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฐ์˜คํ”„(runoff)์™€ ๋ฏน์Šค ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Steve๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค(private legacy portfolio)์˜ ์ž”์•ก์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™˜๋ถ„์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋‚จ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” Earnest ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ํ•™์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฐจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(refinancing) ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 11์›” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์›”์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeffrey Adelson: Morgan Stanley, Research Division Okay. Great. And maybe you could just touch on any of the early conversations you've been having with some institutions regarding some more formal whole loan sale or flow programs. I know you're already executing on the securitization strategy in a more capital-light manner but just any sort of expectations around potential for loan sales from here?**Jeffrey Adelson:** ๋„ค, ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋งค๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ๋™ํ™” ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๋ณธ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.

๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ €ํฌ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋งค๊ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ž๋ณธ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ๋™ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋งค๊ฐ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ€์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Yes. Look, I think we've said consistently and so I'll continue to say that we feel like we have a number of opportunities, channels for us to distribute loans, both the loans that we're making today as well as any potential expanded opportunities that we can find as we leverage the platform at Earnest. Right now and you could see this in the slides that we -- that Steve referred to, securitizations in 2025 for us were an incredibly -- for us, an incredibly capital-efficient way for us to finance the production of refi and in-school as well. The initial equity requirement is lower by a significant percentage and is a just a fraction of what the legacy portfolio has required in terms of equity capital and unsecured capital. And so given the economics of securitization and our ability to finance them, that's why we've continued to, throughout 2025, have a make and hold strategy and that's why our target is to continue to have that. If the relative economics of securitization and loan sales and flow agreements change, if the -- if we identify origination opportunities that have a better source of capital than the securitization market that we have, then we feel confident in our ability to pivot and take advantage of the opportunities that those different financings present.**David L. Yowan:** ๋„ค, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ Earnest ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ†ต ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ, Steve๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, 2025๋…„ ์ฆ๊ถŒํ™”(securitization)๋Š” ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(refi)๊ณผ ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ถœ(in-school) ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ณธ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋ณธ(equity) ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋‹ด๋ณด ์ž๋ณธ(unsecured capital) ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋™ํ™”(securitization)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, 2025๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋ณด์œ  ์ „๋žต(make and hold strategy)์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์˜จ ์ด์œ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ ๋™ํ™”์™€ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋งค๊ฐ, ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ณ„์•ฝ(flow agreements)์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์œ ๋™ํ™” ์‹œ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž๋ณธ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll take our next question from Terry Ma with Barclays.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ”ํด๋ ˆ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ Terry Ma ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Terry Ma: Barclays Bank PLC, Research Division I want to talk about credit. You guys so far have highlighted just the delinquency trends in the legacy book, kind of talked about the reserve associated with that. But when I look at the private refi book, there's also a noticeable uptick in delinquencies there, for 90-day delinquencies is about 20 basis points year-over-year. It looks like it drove the bulk of the dollar increase in 90-day delinquencies for the total book. So maybe just kind of talk about what you're seeing there with respect to credit performance. And then since you're kind of leaning into originations there, maybe just talk about reserve adequacy and kind of like direction of travel for credit metrics for the private refi book.**Terry Ma:** ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์—ฐ์ฒด ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(private refi) ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ชฝ๋„ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 90์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 20bp ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ 90์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ์ฒด ๊ธˆ์•ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋งŒํผ, ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ ์ง€ํ‘œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Stephen Hauber: Executive VP & CFO Yes. Thanks, Terry. I think in terms of refi and what we're seeing, we are seeing -- did see a slight uptick in delinquency levels from year-end and from last quarter. We feel really good about our overall position with refi. What we see there, of course, is on an absolute basis, very low delinquency rates. We've seen signs and have expectations that, that will improve as we move forward here. I think also important to reference on refi would be the high quality of the loans that we originated in 2025, which is also what we saw in 2024. And so we're feeling good about that. And in terms of the reserve levels for refi, that was part of when we did our review back in the third quarter. We did make adjustments to refi to add to the reserve levels there modestly. Feel good about that being the right level of reserves going forward for refi and still thinking about that refi book being on a life of loan basis below 2% in terms of lifetime losses.**Stephen Hauber:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(refinancing)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์—ฐ๋ง ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ(delinquency)์ด ์†Œํญ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ ํฌ์ง€์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€ 2025๋…„์— ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ๋†’์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 2024๋…„์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ณ ์š”, ์ด ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ(reserve) ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์„ ์†Œํญ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(์žฌ์œต์ž) ๊ด€๋ จ ์ ์ • ์ค€๋น„๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์ด 2% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Terry Ma: Barclays Bank PLC, Research Division Got it. And then maybe just on the origination outlook. I may have missed it but you called out 50% upside for -- or increase in in-school originations. Your business there has kind of outgrown the overall growth in the market the last 2 years. But as to the material step up, are you seeing -- what's driving the incremental opportunity? Is there something changing in competitive dynamics? Or are you just kind of going after the market more aggressively?**Terry Ma:** ๋„ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์ณค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์žฌํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰์ด 50% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ท€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํญ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ตฌ๋„์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ณต๋žต์„ ๋” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Yes. So we're coming off -- 2025 was the best year we've had in in-school since we entered that marketplace 5 or 6 years ago. So we have a lot of momentum in that space, just based on the organic customers that we serve. And obviously, the additional opportunity from Grad PLUS, even in a transition year, which 2026 is, gives us confidence that we can accelerate the growth rates in that particular product. That's why you see the 50% increase there.**David L. Yowan:** ๋„ค, ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ 5~6๋…„ ์ „ ํ•™๊ต ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•œ ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ Grad PLUS์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”, 2026๋…„์ด ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 50% ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll take our next question from Rick Shane with JPMorgan.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ JP๋ชจ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฆญ ์…ฐ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Richard Shane: JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division A couple of things. I guess it's all related. You expect to grow the private book in '26. You have about $525 million in maturities on the debt side. Over the last decade, you guys have been very disciplined about returning capital to equity holder -- using cash flows to return capital to equity holders and consistently paying down debt. As the strategy transitions and you start to at least grow the private book, you talk about being opportunistic in terms of equity repurchases. What does that look like? Obviously, you're trading at a huge discount to tangible book, assuming yesterday's close. So opportunistic seems to be there today. Should we expect sort of consistent purchases in '26 with the levels we saw in '25?**Richard Shane:** ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„์— ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์‹œ๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•ฝ 5์–ต 2,500๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ท€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ™˜์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทœ์œจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ „๋žต์ด ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ, ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด์ œ ์ข…๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ ์žฅ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ• ์ธ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. 2026๋…„์—๋„ 2025๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋งค์ž…์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Yes. Thanks, Rick. Look, we're not signaling any change in the way we're thinking about share repurchase. I think you summarized it well in terms of what we've been doing from a capital management perspective. The one thing I would say is that as you think about '26 and you think about the share authorization that we received from our Board last December in the fourth quarter, which was $100 million, the -- as the share count has come down significantly over the years, the amount of share repurchase has declined as well overall. The opportunistic is, in fact, based in part on the valuation of the shares and we continue to believe that the discount to tangible book value provides an opportunity for us to repurchase. So same strategy scaled to the size of the share repurchase authorization that you saw, which is scaled to the overall size of market cap and shares outstanding in the company.**David L. Yowan:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฆญ. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ 26๋…„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ , ์ž‘๋…„ 12์›” 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šน์ธ๋ฐ›์€ 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ์Šน์ธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœํ–‰์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐธ๋ฅ˜์—์ด์…˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์œ ํ˜•์žฅ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์น˜(tangible book value) ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ• ์ธ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ์Šน์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ด์•ก๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ–‰์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์กฐ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Richard Shane: JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division Got it. Okay. Appreciate that. And I would be remiss not to congratulate Steve and also equally importantly, not to thank Joe for all of his conversations and help over the years as well. So thank you guys and congratulations.**Richard Shane:** ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Steve์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ•ํ•˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, Joe์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„ค์š”. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: [Operator Instructions] We'll take our next question from Caroline Latta with Bank of America.**Operator:** 200000

[์šด์˜์ž ์•ˆ๋‚ด] ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฑ…ํฌ์˜ค๋ธŒ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ธ ๋ผํƒ€๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Caroline Latta: BofA Securities, Research Division So the guidance slide says it reflects the current outlook. So what are the macro assumptions underpinning the guide specifically in terms of unemployment rate? And then also in terms of interest rates, thinking about refi volumes next year -- or this year, sorry?**Caroline Latta:**

๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋ง์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„, ๋‚ด๋…„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(์žฌ์œต์ž) ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€์š”?

David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Caroline, thanks for the question. Look, they're -- I don't have them right in front of me but you could think of those as really like the blue chip consensus for unemployment and interest rates. We don't have an in-house economist. So we're relying, as many firms do, on some of the providers of those scenarios. I know Jen could provide those to you offline but it's really a consensus macroeconomic assumption for next year.**David L. Yowan:** ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Caroline. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ œ ์•ž์— ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”, ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์นฉ ์ปจ์„ผ์„œ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ œ๊ณต์—…์ฒด๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jen์ด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ์š”, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ปจ์„ผ์„œ์Šค ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll take our next question from Sanjay Sakhrani with KBW.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ KBW์˜ Sanjay Sakhrani๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sanjay Sakhrani: Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division Can we go back to the deterioration in the private legacy portfolio. I'm just curious like what exactly is driving deterioration on loans that were originated a decade ago? And I'm just curious like, is it that those students or those consumers are now seeing job loss? I mean what's the driver of the higher delinquencies there?**Sanjay Sakhrani:**

10๋…„ ์ „์— ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ ์•…ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๋…„ ์ „์— ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•™์ƒ ์ฐจ์ฃผ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ง์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ ์ƒ์Šน์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

Stephen Hauber: Executive VP & CFO Yes. Thanks, Sanjay. I think it's probably important for us to zoom out a bit and some of what Dave was talking about earlier when we did our third quarter review. Our private legacy portfolio, which, as you know, was originated more than a decade ago. It's a portfolio that has gone through some cycles. And so clearly, there's a strong component of that portfolio that's been making payments consistently. You have other borrowers who have struggled at times and we've been there to help them with payment programs and the like as we manage through things. If we go over the course of the year, it's clearly going through the pandemic -- the pandemic relief cycle, the return to repayment cycle with many of these borrowers having federal loans as well, it's put them through some changes and some challenges there. I think what we're seeing here is that the performance quarter-to-quarter, even though it slipped, we're seeing positive momentum in terms of those borrowers getting on track and heading into 2026. We're optimistic that, that will -- that those trends will improve. I think in terms of now, really what's affecting borrowers, I mean, clearly, there's a variety of factors, including those I mentioned, there's also macroeconomic factors, inflation and the like. But I'd say in terms of just how we're sizing it up in general, I think it's just important to remember kind of the cycle they went through. And now that we're past a lot of that kind of the positive momentum that we expect to see going forward.**Stephen Hauber:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Sanjay. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋•Œ Dave๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋น— ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค(private legacy portfolio)๋Š” ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ 10๋…„๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์— ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™˜์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ฐจ์ž…์ž๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํ™˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ค‘ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๊ตฌ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์ถœ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ƒํ™˜ ์žฌ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์‹ค์ ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์ƒ ๊ถค๋„์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 2026๋…„์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฐจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง€๋‚˜์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sanjay Sakhrani: Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division Okay. Great. And then I know you guys didn't really like kind of give a whole lot on the outlook for NIM and provisions. I'm just curious, as we think about those other components for 2026, is there any way to contextualize sort of the path for NIM because it was a little bit weaker than we had anticipated for both FFELP and consumer lending. And then obviously, kind of what's being baked into provisions given some of the delinquency trends and the growth differences that you talked about.**Sanjay Sakhrani:** ๋„ค, ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„ ์ˆœ์ด์ž๋งˆ์ง„(NIM)๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆœ์ด์ž๋งˆ์ง„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— FFELP์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์‡„ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ฏน์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€๋™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ธˆ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ ์ถ”์ด์™€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‹ ์šฉ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์„ ์ ๋ฆฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Stephen Hauber: Executive VP & CFO Yes. So first on the NIM side of things, for the FFELP portfolio we're expecting relatively stable NIM, given the slowdown in the prepayment of the FFELP loans. So year-over-year, I'd expect that to be relatively consistent. In terms of the private or the consumer lending side, the -- what we saw in the second half of 2025 is a good barometer for 2026. And clearly, what we're seeing there is, with the portfolio remaining stable or increasing slightly in 2026, that's a positive. The mix of the portfolio towards more refi is -- goes the other way in terms of overall margin. So it's a -- I'd say it's a relatively stable outlook there as well. In terms of provision, what's in the forecast here is provision on new originations. And obviously, our reserve levels that we have at the end of the year are what we expect going forward. So really, that's what the provision entails for 2026.**Stephen Hauber:** ๋„ค, ๋จผ์ € ์ˆœ์ด์ž๋งˆ์ง„(NIM) ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, FFELP ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ FFELP ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ƒํ™˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆœ์ด์ž๋งˆ์ง„์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ธˆ์œต ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”, 2025๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 2026๋…„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ 2026๋…„์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฏน์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์‹ฑ(์žฌ์œต์ž) ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ธฐ์šธ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๋งˆ์ง„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ํ˜„์žฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹คํ–‰๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2026๋…„ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์„ค์ •์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: We'll take our next question from Mark DeVries with Deutsche Bank.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„์ด์ฒด๋ฐฉํฌ์˜ ๋งˆํฌ ๋“œ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Mark DeVries: Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division As we look out to 2027, should we expect the same level of net incremental growth investments, which you called out is weighing on the '26 earnings expectations by $0.35 to $0.40 a share? Or does that -- is that kind of trail off?**Mark DeVries:**

2027๋…„์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณผ ๋•Œ, 2026๋…„ ์‹ค์  ์ „๋ง์— ์ฃผ๋‹น 0.35๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 0.40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹  ์ˆœ์ฆ๋ถ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?

David L. Yowan: President, CEO & Director Mark, thanks for the question. Look, we're focused at the moment on '26 and trying to execute against that. I think if you go back to the November strategy presentation, Earnest is now very focused on some products that have particularly high growth rates, high addressable TAMs. The personal loan product is going to be in pilot in 2026. And we're encouraged by the opportunities there and trying to test and learn and make sure we can understand where we can best take advantage of that highly addressable TAM. The refi market has -- every year, there's federal loans that are being made in significant amounts that add to the addressable TAM in that market and the expansion of the Grad PLUS opportunity. So there's lots of room for growth. We're not here to give a 2027 outlook. But if you just look at those 3 products that we have, the addressable market and the market expansion opportunities, we think are large and sustainable as well. So I'd sort of leave it at that for 2027.**David L. Yowan:** ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Mark. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2026๋…„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 11์›” ์ „๋žต ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, Earnest๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ํŠนํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํฐ ์ž ์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ(addressable TAM)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ƒํ’ˆ์€ 2026๋…„์— ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ž ์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์œต์ž(refi) ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งค๋…„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Grad PLUS ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2027๋…„ ์ „๋ง์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ 3๊ฐœ ์ œํ’ˆ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„, ๊ณต๋žต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2027๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: At this time, there are no further questions in queue. I would now like to turn it back to Jen Earyes for closing remarks.**Operator:** 200000

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์ธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Jen Earyes์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jen Earyes: Head of Investor Relations Thanks, Angela and thank you, everybody, for joining today's call. Please contact me if you have any follow-up questions. This concludes today's call.**Jen Earyes:** ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Angela. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์—ฐ๋ฝ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Thank you. This brings us to the end of today's meeting. We appreciate your time and participation. You may now disconnect.**Operator:** ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

# ๊ธฐ์—… ์‹ค์  ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ ์š”์•ฝ

## ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ

โ€ข **๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค**: 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹ค์  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ํ›„ 2026๋…„ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ค์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ 40์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ (์ปจ์„ผ์„œ์Šค 34~35์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒํšŒ). ์žฌ์œต์ž(refi) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ฐจ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์œต์ž ์ˆ˜์š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€ ์ง€์†. In-school ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 50% ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ, Grad PLUS ๊ธฐํšŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€.

โ€ข **์‹ ์šฉ ์•…ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ๋ฆฝ**: ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค(10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ค์ด์…˜)์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ ๋ฆฝ ๋‹จํ–‰. ์—ฐ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ถฉ๋‹น๊ธˆ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•ฝ 3.5% ์ˆ˜์ค€. ์•…ํ™” ์š”์ธ์˜ 80%๋Š” ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ง‘์ค‘, 20%๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์•…ํ™” ๋ฐ˜์˜. ์žฌ์œต์ž ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋„ 90์ผ ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 20bp ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์•  ์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์€ 2% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์œ ์ง€ ์ „๋ง.

โ€ข **์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต**: ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž๋ณธ ํ™˜์› ์ •์ฑ… ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋˜, ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์น˜(TBV) ๋Œ€๋น„ ํฐ ํ• ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ ค