โ†

๐Ÿ“„ Earnings Call Transcript ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๐Ÿ“Š Presentation

Original Translation
PPG Industries, Inc.# PPG Industries, Inc. ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ

## ์ฐธ์„์ž ์†Œ๊ฐœ

**ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ธก ์ฐธ์„์ž:**
- ์กด ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋…ธ (John Bruno) - ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ
- ํŒ€ ์นด๋‚˜๋ฒ ์‹œ์˜ค (Tim Knavish) - ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž(CEO)
- ๋นˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์ฝ” (Vince Morales) - ์ตœ๊ณ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž(CFO)

**์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ฐธ์„์ž:**
- ๋กœ๋ Œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋งŒ (Laurence Alexander) - Jefferies
- ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์‹œ์Šจ (Mike Sison) - Wells Fargo
- ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋ฒ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ (David Begleiter) - Deutsche Bank
- ์กด ๋งฅ๋„ํ‹ฐ (John McNulty) - BMO Capital Markets
- ์ œํ”„ ์ œํฌ๋„ˆ (Jeff Zekauskas) - JP Morgan
- ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํŒจ๋Ÿด (Chris Parkinson) - Wolfe Research
- ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šจ (Mike Harrison) - Seaport Research Partners
- ์•„๋ฃฌ ๋น„์Šค์™€๋‚˜๋‹จ (Arun Viswanathan) - RBC Capital Markets
- ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋งฅ์นด์‹œ (Kevin McCarthy) - Vertical Research Partners
- ์กฐ์‰ฌ ์Šคํ”ผ์ธ  (Josh Spitz) - UBS
- ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๋ฏธ์ฒผ (Frank Mitsch) - Fermium Research

---

## ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„ ๋ฐœ์–ธ

### ์กด ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋…ธ - ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ

์ข‹์€ ์•„์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PPG 2024๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ ์กด ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋…ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ PPG์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CEO์ธ ํŒ€ ์นด๋‚˜๋ฒ ์‹œ์˜ค์™€ ์ˆ˜์„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CFO์ธ ๋นˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” investors.ppg.com์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ํ›„ ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋‹น ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ PPG์˜ SEC ์ œ์ถœ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ • ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

### ํŒ€ ์นด๋‚˜๋ฒ ์‹œ์˜ค - CEO

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์กด. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , 2024๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 2025๋…„ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ
(PPG) Q4 2025 Earnings Call January 28, 2026 8:00 AM EST

Company Participants

Alejandro Lopez - Director of Investor Relations
Timothy Knavish - CEO & Chairman
Vincent Morales - Senior VP & CFO

Conference Call Participants

Christopher Parkinson - Wolfe Research, LLC
Aleksey Yefremov - KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Research Division
Kevin McCarthy - Vertical Research Partners, LLC
Vincent Andrews - Morgan Stanley, Research Division
David Begleiter - Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division
John Ezekiel Roberts - Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Research Division
John McNulty - BMO Capital Markets Equity Research
Matthew DeYoe - BofA Securities, Research Division
Michael Sison - Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division
Jeffrey Zekauskas - JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division
Ghansham Panjabi - Robert W.
# (PPG) 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ 2026๋…„ 1์›” 28์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ (๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋™๋ถ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์‹œ)

## ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์„์ž

์•Œ๋ ˆํ•œ๋“œ๋กœ ๋กœํŽ˜์ฆˆ - ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ
ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์‹œ ๋‚˜๋น„์‹œ - CEO ๊ฒธ ํšŒ์žฅ
๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ ๋ชจ๋ž„๋ ˆ์Šค - ์ˆ˜์„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CFO

## ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ ์ฐธ์„ ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ

ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ - ์šธํ”„ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜
์•Œ๋ ‰์„ธ์ด ์˜ˆํ”„๋ ˆ๋ชจํ”„ - ํ‚ค๋ฑ…ํฌ ์บํ”ผํ„ธ ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์ผ€๋นˆ ๋งค์นด์‹œ - ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ์ปฌ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์Šค
๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฅ˜์Šค - ๋ชจ๊ฑด์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋ฒ ๊ธ€๋ผ์ดํ„ฐ - ๋„์ด์ฒด๋ฐฉํฌ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์กด ์—์ œํ‚ค์—˜ ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ  - ๋ฏธ์ฆˆํ˜ธ ์‹œํ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ฆˆ USA ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์กด ๋งฅ๋„ํ‹ฐ - BMO ์บํ”ผํ„ธ ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜
๋งคํŠœ ๋””์š” - ๋ฑ…ํฌ์˜ค๋ธŒ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์‹œํ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ฆˆ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๋งˆ์ดํด ์‹œ์Šจ - ์›ฐ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ณ  ์‹œํ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ฆˆ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์ œ์นด์šฐ์Šค์นด์Šค - JP๋ชจ๊ฑด์ฒด์ด์Šค ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๊ฐ„์ƒด ํŒ์ž๋น„ - ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ W.
Baird & Co. Incorporated, Research Division
Joshua Spector - UBS Investment Bank, Research Division
Laurent Favre - BNP Paribas, Research Division
Frank Mitsch - Fermium Research, LLC
Michael Harrison - Seaport Research Partners
Eric Boyes - Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division
James Hooper - Bernstein Institutional Services LLC, Research Division
Patrick Cunningham - Citigroup Inc., Research Division
Arun Viswanathan - RBC Capital Markets, Research Division
Laurence Alexander - Jefferies LLC, Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Good morning. My name is Warren and I will be your conference operator today.
# ๋ฒ ์–ด๋“œ ์•ค ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ ์ธ์ฝ”ํผ๋ ˆ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์กฐ์Šˆ์•„ ์ŠคํŽ™ํ„ฐ - UBS ์ธ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋จผํŠธ ๋ฑ…ํฌ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๋กœ๋ž‘ ํŒŒ๋ธŒ๋ฅด - BNP ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๋ฏธ์น˜ - ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋ฎด ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜, LLC
๋งˆ์ดํด ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šจ - ์”จํฌํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์Šค
์—๋ฆญ ๋ณด์ด์Šค - ์—๋ฒ„์ฝ”์–ด ISI ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์ œ์ž„์Šค ํ›„ํผ - ๋ฒˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์„œ๋น„์Šค LLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ ์ปค๋‹ํ–„ - ์”จํ‹ฐ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ธ์ฝ”ํผ๋ ˆ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
์•„๋ฃฌ ๋น„์Šค์™€๋‚˜ํƒ„ - RBC ์บํ”ผํƒˆ ๋งˆ์ผ“, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ
๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” - ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ์Šค LLC, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ

๋ฐœํ‘œ

๊ตํ™˜์›

์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์›Œ๋ Œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 PPG Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the conference over to Alex Lopez, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir. Alejandro Lopez
Director of Investor Relations

Thank you, Warren, and good morning, everyone. This is Alex Lopez. We appreciate your continued interest in PPG and welcome you to our fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. Joining me today from PPG are Tim Knavish, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Vince Morales, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ PPG ์‹ค์  ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [์šด์˜์ž ์•ˆ๋‚ด] ์ด์ œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ์ธ Alex Lopez์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .

์•Œ๋ ˆํ•œ๋“œ๋กœ ๋กœํŽ˜์ฆˆ
ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด์‚ฌ

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Warren. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ์ €๋Š” Alex Lopez์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PPG์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ PPG์—์„œ Tim Knavish ํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฒธ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์™€ Vince Morales ์ˆ˜์„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์žฅ ๊ฒธ ์ตœ๊ณ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Our comments relate to the financial information released after U.S. equity markets close on Tuesday, January 27, 2026. We have posted detailed commentary and the accompanying presentation slides on the investor center of our website, ppg.com. Following management's perspective on the company's results, we will move to a Q&A session. Both the prepared commentary and discussion during this call may contain forward-looking statements, reflecting the company's current view of future events and the potential effect on PPG's operating and financial performance. These statements involve uncertainties and risks, which may cause actual results to differ.์ €ํฌ ๋…ผํ‰์€ 2026๋…„ 1์›” 27์ผ ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ ๋งˆ๊ฐ ํ›„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋…ผํ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ppg.com์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‹ค์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ ํ›„, ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต ์„ธ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ค€๋น„๋œ ๋…ผํ‰๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์ฝœ ์ค‘ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ PPG์˜ ์˜์—… ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The company is under no obligation to provide subsequent updates to these forward-looking statements. The presentation also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, the company has provided in the appendix of the presentation materials, which are available on our website, reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. For additional information, please refer to PPG's filings with the SEC. Now let me introduce PPG Chairman and CEO, Tim Knavish. Timothy Knavish
CEO & Chairman

Thanks, Alex. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Call.
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ˆ์ธก์ง„์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์† ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋น„-GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ก์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„-GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ GAAP ์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐ์ •๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” PPG์˜ SEC ์ œ์ถœ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ PPG ํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฒธ CEO์ธ ํŒ€ ๋‚˜๋น„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์‹œ ๋‚˜๋น„์‹œ
CEO ๊ฒธ ํšŒ์žฅ

๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค. ์ข‹์€ ์•„์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I'll start off by providing some highlights on Q4 and full year 2025, and then I'll move on to our 2026 guidance. I'm pleased to report that 2025 was a year of solid commercial, operational, innovation and financial performance for PPG. The year also demonstrated the strength and resilience of our diversified portfolio as well as the dedication of our PPG global team. Despite a very mixed and dynamic macroeconomic environment throughout the year, we delivered consistent organic growth, both volume and price, capping the year off with our strongest organic growth of over 3% in the quarter.๋จผ์ € 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ 2026๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„์€ PPG์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ƒ์—…์ , ์šด์˜์ , ํ˜์‹ ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘” ํ•œ ํ•ด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”๋œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PPG ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํŒ€์˜ ํ—Œ์‹ ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•œ ํ•ด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ 3%๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We also continued our legacy of driving structural cost improvements for our self-help actions and maintained our heritage of strong cash flow generation and disciplined cash deployment, including returning cash to our shareholders. For the full year, net sales totaled $15.9 billion with 2% organic growth which was driven by a combination of higher selling prices and volume gains across our segments. Our adjusted earnings per share came in at $7.58, underscoring our ability to maintain solid profitability in a dynamic environment. Our cash from operations totaled $1.9 billion, up about $0.5 billion year-over-year, supporting a robust free cash flow yield of 5%.๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ตฌ์  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์ฃผ ํ™˜์›์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ทœ์œจ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ์€ 159์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 2%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ • ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ 7.58๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์—…ํ™œ๋™ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์€ 19์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 5์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 5%์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž‰์—ฌํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This strong cash performance enabled us to return $1.4 billion to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. Our segment EBITDA margin for the year was a healthy 19%, reflecting ongoing operational efficiency and cost discipline. I'm pleased that we have delivered on our organic growth commitment, with sales volume and selling price growth resulting in a full year increase of 2% in organic sales, which outpaced the estimated market decline of negative 0.2%. This is the result of our productivity solutions for our customers as well as the share gains in our core technologies. Turning to the fourth quarter. We further accelerated our growth momentum.์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 14์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ™˜์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„์€ 19%๋กœ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ์ด 2% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค 0.2%๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Net sales were $3.9 billion, up 5% year-over-year with 3% organic growth driven by positive sales volume growth across all regions. We achieved record aerospace coating sales and earnings led by strong demand for our technology advanced products. Auto OEM net sales increased 6%, well outpacing the industry, driven by share gains and customer mix. Architectural Coatings in Latin America delivered high single-digit organic sales growth aided by the sequential quarterly recovery of project-related sales and continued strong retail performance.๋งค์ถœ์€ 39์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 3%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ ์ง„ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM ๋งค์ถœ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฏน์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์—…๊ณ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” 6% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋‚จ๋ฏธ ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋งค์ถœ์˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์†Œ๋งค ์‹ค์ ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We delivered positive sales volume growth in all regions, with Asia Pacific leading the pack, achieving mid-single-digit percentage followed by low single-digit percentage in U.S., Latin America and Europe. Our segment EBITDA margin for the quarter was 18%, reflecting solid execution despite some macro headwinds that impacted certain end markets. Adjusted EPS for the quarter was $1.51 as the improved organic growth and improved operational performance were more than offset by higher interest costs and increased corporate expenses. Now looking at each of our segments in the Global Architectural Coatings segment, Fourth quarter net sales rose 8% to $951 million with 2% organic growth.๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๋กœ ์„ ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„์€ 18%๋กœ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ตœ์ข… ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ญํ’์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ • ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต(EPS)์€ 1.51๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์šด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์ด์ž ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ์—์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ˆœ๋งค์ถœ์€ 8% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ 9์–ต 5,100๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 2%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This was driven by Mexico's strong retail performance and sequential improvement in project-related spending as well as favorable foreign currency translation. Project-related spending was weak in the first half of 2025 driven by uncertainties related to tariffs. However, the second half of 2025, we experienced consistent recovery and expect this to extend into 2026 based on leading indicators and discussions with our customers. Architectural Coatings demand in Europe was mixed; a low single-digit percentage decline, which was partially offset by favorable pricing. We have now delivered positive pricing for 39 consecutive quarters in this business.์ด๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์†Œ๋งค ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๊ฐœ์„ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์™ธํ™˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ๊ด€์„ธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2025๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ง„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2025๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ํ–‰์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ 2026๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์žฌ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ 39๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Segment income increased 16%, driven by improved pricing and cost management, and EBITDA margins improved nearly 100 basis points. We expect positive organic sales and margin momentum to continue in the first quarter of 2026 in this business. The Performance Coatings segment delivered 5% net sales growth to $1.3 billion led by double-digit organic growth in aerospace and consistent gains in our Protective & Marine Coatings business, which now has delivered 11 consecutive quarters volume growth.๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ด์ต์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด 16% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100bp(๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ) ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ 2026๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์ด ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Performance Coatings ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ Protective & Marine Coatings ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด 13์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 5%์˜ ์ˆœ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ์จ 11๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As expected, Automotive Refinish organic sales decreased by a high single-digit percentage as sales volumes were lower, reflecting customer order pattern -- order patterns stemming from distributors more heavily weighting their purchases to the first half of 2025. However, one closely watched data point in the industry is U.S. accident claims. And the December year-over-year claims were down only 2% compared to high single-digit or low double-digit declines throughout the year.์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋„๋ฃŒ(Automotive Refinish) ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ์€ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด 2025๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 12์›” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹จ 2% ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๊ทธ์ณค๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As we communicated in our third quarter earnings call, the industry claims normalization and our 2025 distributor order patterns will result in a difficult sales comparison for PPG in the first half of '26 but incremental volume growth during the second half of 2026. Segment EBITDA margin decreased driven by lower Automotive Refinish Coating sales and higher growth-related investment spending in aerospace and Protective & Marine Coatings, partly offset by higher selling prices, and we expect margin contraction for the segment during the first half of 2026 with margin growth during the second half of the year.3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ํด๋ ˆ์ž„ ์ •์ƒํ™”์™€ 2025๋…„ ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด PPG๋Š” 2026๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋งค์ถœ ๋น„๊ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, 2026๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ฌธ EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์žฌ๋„์žฅ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋งค์ถœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹ยท์„ ๋ฐ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ํˆฌ์ž ์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋Š” 2026๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง„ ์ถ•์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2026๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As you know, our Aerospace business is an important growth engine for the company, and I want to take a moment to talk about the momentum in industry growth and the demand for our highly specialized qualified products. The business is equally weighted to OEM and aftermarket customers with margins that are accretive to the overall reporting segment and has a strong presence in commercial, military and general aviation. During our second quarter earnings call, we presented a significant expected aerospace OEM growth given the increased builds forecast for the next several years.์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€๊ณผ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ธ์ฆ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ OEM๊ณผ ์• ํ”„ํ„ฐ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์— ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋งˆ์ง„ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ์—…์šฉ, ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ OEM์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In addition to the OEM growth, forecast for higher aftermarket demand translates into sales growth CAGR of high single-digit percentage growth for the foreseeable future. For PPG, this is a business that is more than just coatings with the majority of the portfolio being represented by Transparencies, Sealants & Adhesives and Service & Materials. For each one of these verticals, we compete with peers that do not have a strong presence in overlapping technologies. This makes our business very unique with a much stronger segment presence than any traditional competitor in our space. Moving to the Industrial Coatings segment.์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ OEM ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ํ•ด, ๋†’์€ ์• ํ”„ํ„ฐ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ „๋ง์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋™์•ˆ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ CAGR๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PPG์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํˆฌ๋ช…์†Œ์žฌ(Transparencies), ์‹ค๋ž€ํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ(Sealants & Adhesives), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ์ž์žฌ(Service & Materials)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…(Industrial Coatings) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Fourth quarter net sales grew 3% to $1.6 billion, with organic growth fueled by share gains that led to 5% sales volume growth, well outpacing industry demand as we realize the full run rate benefit of share gains with strength in automotive OEM coatings and packaging coatings. From a business unit perspective, our Automotive OEM business delivered a 6% increase in net sales with growth above market as a result of our share gains. We expect to outgrow the market in the first quarter and for the full year in 2026 in this business. Organic sales for our Industrial Coatings business were flat as sales volumes growth in Europe and Asia Pacific region offset lower index-based pricing.4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ˆœ๋งค์ถœ์€ 16์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ 3% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด 5%์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM ์ฝ”ํŒ…๊ณผ ํฌ์žฅ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋Ÿฐ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ(run rate) ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆœ๋งค์ถœ์ด 6% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ 2026๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์•„์‹œ์•„ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ๋™ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Packaging Coatings organic sales increased by a double-digit percentage year-over-year, growing significantly above industry rates. These results reflect the positive momentum in share gains led by Europe and the U.S. as a result of the technology shift favoring our sustainable product portfolio. Segment EBITDA was up 6% year-over-year and EBITDA margin improved by 30 basis points to 15.1%, reflecting the leverage from the organic sales growth along with our manufacturing productivity and strong cost control actions. Now looking ahead, we expect some softness in global industrial and automotive demand to impact organic sales and margins in the first quarter 2026.ํฌ์žฅ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—…๊ณ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํšŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ฌธ EBITDA๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 6% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ œ์กฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์›๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ ์กฐ์น˜์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด 30bp ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ 15.1%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „๋ง์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์žฌ ๋ฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‘”ํ™”๊ฐ€ 2026๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ง„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Now let me talk about our balance sheet and cash. Strong cash flow generation remains a key pillar of our strategy. As I said, our operating cash flow increased by over $0.5 billion year-over-year to $1.9 billion in 2025. We returned $1.4 billion to shareholders through dividends of $630 million and share repurchases of $790 million, which represents about 3% of our outstanding shares. We ended the year with a strong cash balance of $2.2 billion and a net debt position of $5.1 billion, with $700 million of debt maturing in the first quarter of 2026, which we intend to pay from our current cash position.์ด์ œ ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ์™€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, 2025๋…„ ์˜์—…ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 5์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 19์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ 6์–ต 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… 7์–ต 9์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด 14์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™˜์›ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœํ–‰์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์˜ ์•ฝ 3%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ง ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ž”๊ณ ๋Š” 22์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” 51์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” 7์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ณด์œ  ์ค‘์ธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™˜ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Our balance sheet is strong, which continues to provide us with financial flexibility, and we remain committed to using this strength and flexibility to drive shareholder value. Our capital expenditures for the year totaled approximately $780 million, reflecting our investment in growth initiatives, including expansions in aerospace in Mexico, and our digital and AI capabilities. 2025 will represent the high watermark of these growth investments and we expect to sequentially pace back to our historical levels of approximately 3% of sales by 2027. Looking ahead, I'm encouraged by our organic growth momentum and what we will achieve in 2026.์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ž๋ณธ์  ์ง€์ถœ์€ ์•ฝ 7์–ต 8์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ํ™•์žฅ๊ณผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ AI ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ์ •์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, 2027๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค์ถœ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 3%๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€๊ณผ 2026๋…„์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We anticipate that demand in Europe and global industrial end-use markets will remain challenged. However, despite the macroeconomic environment, we expect sales volume growth will be driven by Aerospace, Architectural Coatings in Mexico and about $100 million of share gains in the Industrial Coatings segment that will be realized in 2026, including $50 million of carryover share gains announced last year. We expect overall price for the company to be positive with strength from our performance in Architectural Coatings segments, which were partially offset by modest contraction in the Industrial Coatings segment.์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2026๋…„์— ์‹คํ˜„๋  ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์•ฝ 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ด์›” ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ถ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‚ฌ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์ด ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์†Œํญ ์œ„์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This will result in organic sales growth in the range of flat to positive low single-digit percentage. Raw material basket remains favorable to coatings producers and we are consolidating our supplier base, which will help us offset the impacts of already enacted tariffs, resulting in expected overall flat raw material costs for the year. Finally, during 2026, we expect growing benefits from operational and excellence programs, reducing our cost by another $50 million. This, combined with the leverage from acceleration in volume growth is expected to drive earnings per share growth that at the midpoint of our guidance represents a mid-single-digit percentage increase.์ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์ œ๋กœ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ž์žฌ ๋ฐ”์Šค์ผ“์€ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ๊ด€์„ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ฒด ์›์ž์žฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ณดํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, 2026๋…„์—๋Š” ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We expect earnings per share to be flat to growth of low single-digit percentage during the first half of the year and increasing to high single-digit percentage in the second half of the year. In closing, I'm excited about the increasing momentum we have demonstrated during the fourth quarter that allows us to start 2026 on strong footing. We are laser-focused on executing our enterprise growth strategy which emphasizes high-margin business growth, strong cash flow generation, disciplined capital allocation and operational excellence. Our portfolio pruning completed in 2024, enables us to more effectively win with our customers and drive shareholder value.์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 2026๋…„์„ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋งˆ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ ์ฐฝ์ถœ, ๊ทœ์œจ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋žต ์‹คํ–‰์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2024๋…„์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Additionally, we are investing in customer innovation, including digital and AI capabilities to maintain our technology leadership in coatings, sealants, specialty materials and productivity solutions for our customers. As always, we remain disciplined with our cash deployment to drive shareholder value. We're confident in our strategy and the strength of our business model to deliver sustainable long-term growth. Thank you to our PPG team around the world who make it happen and deliver on our purpose every day. We appreciate your continued confidence in PPG. I look forward to discussing our results and outlook in more detail during today's call. Warren, please open the line for questions.๋˜ํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŒ…, ์‹ค๋ŸฐํŠธ, ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์†Œ์žฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ AI ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํ˜์‹ ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทœ์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์— ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ PPG ํŒ€์›๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋งค์ผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PPG์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Warren, ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

# PPG Industries Q4 2025 ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์•ฝ

## ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์žฌ๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณผ
- **2025๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ **: ๋งค์ถœ 159์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ 2%), ์กฐ์ • EPS $7.58, ์˜์—…ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ 19์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 5์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€), ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„ 19%
- **4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ **: ๋งค์ถœ 39์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ 3%), ์กฐ์ • EPS $1.51, ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ EBITDA ๋งˆ์ง„ 18%๋กœ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•œ ์‹คํ–‰๋ ฅ ์ž…์ฆ
- **ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„**: ์ฃผ์ฃผํ™˜์› 14์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(๋ฐฐ๋‹น 6.3์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… 7.9์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰์ฃผ์‹์˜ ์•ฝ 3%), ์ˆœ๋ถ€์ฑ„ 51์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ํ˜„๊ธˆ 22์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด์œ 

## 2026๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง
- **๋งค์ถœ ์ „๋ง**: ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ 0~์ €๋‹จ์ผ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜%, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผยท๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ยท์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€(1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ)๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฒฌ์ธ
- **์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ**: EPS ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ค‘๋‹จ์ผ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜% ์˜ˆ์ƒ, ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ•ฉ~์ €๋‹จ์ผ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜% ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ›„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋‹จ์ผ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜% ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”
- **์›๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ**: ์›์ž์žฌ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ณดํ•ฉ ์˜ˆ์ƒ, ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ถ”


โ“ Q&A

Original Translation
Operator: [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Chris Parkinson with Wolfe Research.**Operator:** [์šด์˜์ž ์•ˆ๋‚ด] ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Wolfe Research์˜ Chris Parkinson๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Wolfe Research, LLC: Most of us would still call the macro muted or even meager, and your organic growth with maybe one exception has been pretty solid across a lot of the kind of the substrates and the fastest you've been focusing on the last few years. Could you just add a little bit of insight on what you saw in the fourth quarter and how you're thinking about everything in 2026 in terms of breaking that growth down in was the macro actually slightly better than you anticipated? Is it all share gain? Is it new product introductions? If you could just kind of just break that down and how that breakdown would actually lead you to think about your '26 guidance that would be particularly helpful.**Wolfe Research, LLC:** ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ํ…๋ฐ, ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ท€์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์˜จ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐํŒ(substrate)๊ณผ ์ตœ์ข…์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2026๋…„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑด์ง€, ์ „๋ถ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถœ์‹œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด 2026๋…„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Chris, I guess a high-level answer, and I'll get into some details for you here. The high-level answer is macro is not better than we expect. And to your questions about is our growth based on macro share gain or technology introductions? The answer is yes, yes and yes. So the spaces where we're seeing macro help aerospace, right? That continues to crush it for us. The sequential improvement in Mexico that helps us. And it is still a pretty strong, robust PMC market. When you look across the rest of our businesses, well, and those businesses, if you think about auto OEM, S&P has Q1 down. The rest of the year, call it, flattish, but we're committed to outperform in that, and we will grow. Packaging industry is very mixed bag, and we're crushing it there with multiple quarters of double digit. And that's largely share gain, and I would tell you, largely Europe, where we're doing quite well there. If you look at the other businesses, Architectural Europe, still flattish. Industrial or general industrial, which, as you know, is the catch all, it's -- some segments are up, some are down; overall, I'd still call it pretty flat. So really, there's a few markets where we're getting macro help. Most of our businesses were getting share gain help. And to the technology question, a lot of the share that we're gaining in packaging is technology driven. A lot of the share that we're gaining in Refinish, even though the destocking is covering this right now, a lot of the share gain is driven by the productivity tools that we launch. So it's really a combination of all three. But high level, I don't think anything has changed significantly with our view of the macro.**CEO & Chairman:** ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ๋จผ์ € ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์•„์ง„ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์š”์ธ์ธ์ง€, ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๋‹ต์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”. PMC ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ S&P๋Š” 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋Œ€๋žต ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ์žฅ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์••๋„์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ํฌ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์œ ์œจ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์œ ์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€, ํ˜„์žฌ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •(destocking)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋ง์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Aleksey Yefremov with KeyBanc Capital Markets.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ KeyBanc Capital Markets์˜ Aleksey Yefremov๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Aleksey Yefremov: KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Research Division Thanks for providing all the color on end markets. I was hoping you could just give us some details on total volumes and price for organic growth in '26?**Aleksey Yefremov:**

2026๋…„ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ตœ์ข… ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ค๋ช… ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CEO & Chairman: Sure. Let me do the easy one first, and that's pricing. You should expect to see positive price in virtually all of the protective businesses -- I'm sorry, performance businesses and the Architectural businesses. You heard my -- even our most challenged region for Architectural in Europe, we've gotten price 39 straight quarters. I don't see us breaking that streak. And of course, our position, our strength in Mexico will capture price there. So you'll see price there; Refinish, aerospace, to a lesser degree, PMC -- so those 2 segments will definitely have positive price. Now in Industrial segment, I would call it flattish, but we do have 2 slight negatives. We still do have a little bit of index pricing carryover. And automotive -- frankly, automotive in China, we see some low single-digit price declines, frankly, that are offset by lower raw materials than we expected in China. But all in, you'll see performance in Architectural offset a little bit of decline in Industrial. Volume-wise, we're on a pretty good trend. You'll continue to see volume growth in aerospace, PMC, packaging; modest volume growth in Architectural. You'll see volume growth in auto OEM. Frankly, we've had second -- 2 quarters in a row of beating market there, and we're optimistic about doing that throughout 2026. And that's driven by share gains. And then as we move through the year, I think you'll start to see some more in General Industrial where some of the share gain wins that we've had will actually come to launch. So thank you for the question, Alex.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๋จผ์ € ์‰ฌ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋„ 39๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๊นจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž…์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , PMC๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค ์š”์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ œ์˜ ์ด์›” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์›์ž์žฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…(Architectural)์˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ(Industrial) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์†Œํญ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ, PMC, ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์—์„œ๋„ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์„œ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋’€๊ณ , 2026๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ค‘ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์žฌ(General Industrial) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Alex.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Kevin McCarthy with Vertical Research Partners.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Vertical Research Partners์˜ Kevin McCarthy๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Kevin McCarthy: Vertical Research Partners, LLC Tim, it was nice to see you finish up the year at plus 3% on organic sales growth. If I look at the EBITDA line, though, it was relatively flat. And so I was wondering if you could walk us through your thoughts on operating leverage. It seems as though raw materials are pretty benign and you've been taking costs out of the company as per your restructuring. And so maybe why did EBITDA not grow more in the quarter? And more importantly, how do you see that trending as 2026 progresses?**Kevin McCarthy:** 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ (organic sales growth) ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค 3%๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ EBITDA ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฒด๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ์˜์—… ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€(operating leverage)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์›์ž์žฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•ด ์˜ค์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ EBITDA๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š”, 2026๋…„์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Kevin, there's several contributors, but the one that by far drives that math is the Refinish destocking. As you know, that Refinish is one of our higher-margin businesses. So when it's down, you've got destocking. I think we were down double digits in Q3, high single digits in Q4. That just -- it overwhelms the positivity of the other businesses' organic growth just given its margin profile. So what you should expect to see there, unfortunately, you'll see some of that in Q1 and Q2. I think you'll see it sequentially get better as the other businesses kick it in more and more pricing kicks in, more of our cost out and productivity kick in. But really, where you'll see that flip is once we get back to the normal buying patterns, which will be the second half of the year.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์••๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด - 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ - ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด, ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes, Kevin, let me -- this is Vince. Just let me remind everybody, our segment earnings did grow in the fourth quarter. So they were up about $20 million year-over-year.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ์ผ€๋นˆ. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Vincent Andrews with Morgan Stanley.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Morgan Stanley์˜ Vincent Andrews๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Andrews: Morgan Stanley, Research Division I wanted to dig in a little bit more on Refinish. If I think of some of the metrics that have been discussed over the last couple of calls, I think third quarter claims were down mid-single digits, but 4Q claims are back down high singles. So you noted, Tim, that December was only down 2%. And I believe in the answer to Kevin's question, you're still anticipating the sort of second half recovery and normalization of customer shipments. So could you just help us tie all that together with sort of the latest update and what you're hearing from customers as well as not just -- and how you're interpreting all that claims data?**Vincent Andrews:** ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํด๋ ˆ์ž„์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํด๋ ˆ์ž„์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ€ ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ 12์›”์€ 2% ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๊ทธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ์ผ€๋นˆ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ถœํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํด๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Thanks, Vincent. And if you don't mind, I'm going to [ pick ] the rather holistic answer here and try to answer all the Refinish questions here, as I want to make sure we leave time to get to everything in the portfolio here. So I'm going to answer maybe your question and more when it comes to Refinish. So the headline I'd say is there's nothing that indicates a huge change for us versus what we told you at the end of Q3 relative to the industry and to our trajectory. However, we are seeing what I would call some reinforcing green shoots as we move through the quarter, okay? So we're still very confident in our best-in-class productivity solutions to grow share, and that's happening. We have market share momentum that's happening largely in the U.S., but also across Europe. This is and will be a very good business for PPG as we work through this transitory kind of period, just given the strength of our position versus others. I will also add that there is clearly industry anxiety out there, partly driven by the pressure that body shops have been on for the last 18 months, but also driven by consolidations, divestitures in this industry. And what all of those anxieties play to our strength, one, because of the strength of our productivity offering, but second, because of the certainty of continuity that we provide. Insurance rate spikes were really the key driver to this disproportionate drop in claims over the last 1.5 years or so. Okay? And that led to -- or leading to multi-quarter destocking in our channel. I mentioned last time how it ties to our rebate structure, et cetera. And we said at the last quarter, we expect normalization of buying patterns from our distributors in the second half of 2026. And normal, I'll remind everybody, would be kind of low single-digit claims down. And that's very good. Normal is very good for PPG because our track record for decades shows that at that kind of level, we can put up record after record because of the strength of our offering. Now if you look at our guide, I'll remind you to everybody that we had a very strong first half of 2025, combined with a pretty weak second half of 2025. So when you combine that with what we're saying now, which is, okay, destocking for 2 quarters, sales volume and EBIT growth in Q3 and Q4, that really explains a lot of the EPS difference between the first half of the year and the second half of the year. So that's kind of the fundamentals. Now updates. Everything we're seeing and hearing from our customers since we last spoke is playing out as expected. Distributors are destocking as we expected. Body shops are starting to see the beginning signs of normalization as we expected. And thus, we reinforced our guide today. The few points of reinforcement and green shoots because of 2 things, strength of our productivity offering and the anxieties in the marketplace that I mentioned, we're winning a lot of share. We saw -- you saw one public announcement yesterday. There are a lot of other ones happening that are not publicly announced and there are more to come. Second, insurance premiums are normalizing, okay? So kind of the catalyst for this whole cycle is beginning to normalize. We continue to reinforce the strength of our productivity offering. Two things we did just this quarter, we launched the next chapter of digital tools for the body shops, beyond MoonWalk, beyond LINQ, beyond VisualizID, we launched a new digital tool called Mix'n'Shake, which drives further body shop productivity savings, and that's being well received. And we also launched our first AI formulated product in Refinish to -- again, to help body shops be more productive. So the industry is playing out as we expected. We're winning share with our solutions. It reinforces our guide to see destocking in first half, normalized order pattern in the second half. Two other things that happened notably in December. You did see the minus 2% claims. One data point, I get that, but you got to start somewhere. So let's watch that closely as we move through the first half of '26. And we did start to see what we call fill-in orders from our distributors, okay? So this multi-quarter destocking, you can only destock so far before you've got to supply the body shops, and that's when you start seeing fill-in orders. And we did start to see those in December. So another reinforcing sign. So all that added up -- we expect a muted first half for continued destocking, second half return to sales and EBIT growth for Refinish and a more normalized distributor buying pattern. So just one other thing, more for the segment and to speak to the strength of our portfolio despite a challenging back half of the year in one of our best margin businesses. The Performance Coatings segment still put up a record sales year and a record earnings year for the full year '25. So the strength of our portfolio just really comes through there when things like PMC, Aerospace and Traffic can offset this transitory period of Refinish. So I hope I answered your question and more on Refinish. It's playing out as we expected. And obviously, more data points to come as we move through Q1 and Q2.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Vincent. ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ง์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์—…๊ณ„ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ถค์  ๋Œ€๋น„ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ PPG์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋น„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์—…๊ณ„ ๋‚ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์ •๋น„์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›์•„์˜จ ์••๋ฐ•์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ํ†ตํํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋งค๊ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ•์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ๋™์•ˆ ํด๋ ˆ์ž„์ด ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ํ†ต ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์žฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํŒจํ„ด์ด 2026๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ์ •์ƒํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ . ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ํด๋ ˆ์ž„์ด ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด PPG์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฒฝ์‹ ํ•ด์™”๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•์  ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ . ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, 2025๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, 2๊ฐœ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ EBIT ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต(EPS) ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŽ€๋”๋ฉ˜ํ„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋น„์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒํ™”์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ฑด์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋งŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, MoonWalk, LINQ, VisualizID๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์ •๋น„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํˆด์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Mix'n'Shake๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํˆด์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋น„์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ(Refinish) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์ •๋น„์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •, ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํŒจํ„ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 12์›”์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค 2% ํด๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ . 26๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ(fill-in orders)์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •๋„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋น„์†Œ(body shops)์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ , ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 12์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธ์ •์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ , ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ EBIT ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํŒจํ„ด๋„ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ์ „์ฒด์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋Š” 25๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋งค์ถœ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PMC, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ, ๊ตํ†ต ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of David Begleiter with Deutsche Bank.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„์ด์ฒด๋ฐฉํฌ์˜ David Begleiter๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
David Begleiter: Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division Tim, on Aerospace, can you tell us what the growth -- the sales growth was in 2025? And are you at all capacity constrained in '26 ahead of the new supply capacity coming on next year?**David Begleiter:**

ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ 2025๋…„ ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ธ 2026๋…„์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.

2025๋…„ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2026๋…„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์†Œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CEO & Chairman: Yes. Thanks, David. The growth rate for 2025 was double digit. By the way, it was double digit in '24 as well. So we expect continued growth. You're starting to lap double digit on top of double digit. Denominators are getting bigger. By the way, this business is almost the same size as Refinish now. So the denominator is getting bigger and bigger as you start lapping multiple double digits. So we're guiding high single digits for 2026, I think, for Aerospace. We are capacity constrained. No doubt about it. We -- that's why our CapEx has been above our historical norm for the last couple of years. Round numbers, I approved about $120 million of CapEx last year that I would call incremental aerospace debottlenecking CapEx expansion. We've also brought in a number of consultants to help us just with debottlenecking on the expense side. And that's why you see some of the margin challenges that I think Kevin asked about. And in addition to that $120 million or so, we announced $380 million new factory. That will take about 2 years to bring online for the sealants and coatings side of the business. And we're working on some other capacity expansions. I can't get ahead of my Board here, but we're not done. This business will be growing likely for the rest of my career. And hopefully, that's longer than Mr. Morales' career here. But -- so we see that coming for -- as far as our forecasts go.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ 2024๋…„์—๋„ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์œ„์— ๋˜ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ . ๋ถ„๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ(Refinish) ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2026๋…„ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ค๋น„ํˆฌ์ž(CapEx)๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ž‘๋…„์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ์„ค๋น„ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 1์–ต 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ํ•ด์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„ํˆฌ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ํ˜„์ƒ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋“ค๋„ ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Kevin์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ๋งˆ์ง„ ์••๋ฐ• ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ 1์–ต 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์™ธ์—๋„, 3์–ต 8์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ž€ํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด ๊ณต์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ€๋™๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 2๋…„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ œ ์žฌ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด Morales์˜ ์žฌ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ง ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of John Roberts with Mizuho.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ์ฆˆํ˜ธ์˜ John Roberts๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
John Ezekiel Roberts: Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Research Division Congrats on a long career, Vince, and best wishes. Could you talk a little bit more about the depth of the AI reformulation activity going on? You launched the first product in Refinish. And how broad is this across the industry? Does PPG have a differentiated position or are the consultants sort of bringing AI to all the Coatings companies?**John Ezekiel Roberts:** ์˜ค๋žœ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด์— ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ–‰์šด์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Vince. AI ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Refinish์—์„œ ์ฒซ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—…๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? PPG๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”ํŒ… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์— AI๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
CEO & Chairman: Yes. John, we're super excited about this. There are things in AI that consultants are bringing to everybody. And I would say that's more kind of back office, customer service, the finance transaction processing. Those are things that are kind of table stakes that everybody is doing. Formulation AI. This is internally developed, working with a few partners, but it's organically internally developed, and we believe it's a differentiator. Now I'm guessing our competitors are out there trying to work on it and catch up, but we believe we're definitely out front here. And we've launched, commercialized a Refinish Clearcoat that optimizes performance of the end Coating as well as productivity in the body shop for our customers. We launched that. It was the first product fully developed using AI, but it's not based on anything public. It's based on scraping all of our internal formulations that we've developed over 100 years and optimizing. So that is commercialized. Beyond that, -- we've launched another 50 products already where they were existing products in the marketplace that we've used AI to optimize both from a product performance standpoint and a cost to PPG standpoint, 50 products already since we made that first announcement. Going forward, we'll continue to both optimize existing formulations, but we've got development projects like we did in Refinish across virtually all of our businesses. So more to come there. And I hope you hear a little kick in my step on this one, John, because I'm pretty excited not only about where we are, but where we're going.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ์กด. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค, ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์žฌ๋ฌด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ AI(Formulation AI)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™” ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ํด๋ฆฌ์–ด์ฝ”ํŠธ(Refinish Clearcoat)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ตœ์ข… ์ฝ”ํŒ…์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋””์ƒต์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ AI๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์˜จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ AI๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ PPG์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ 50๊ฐœ ๋” ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ดํ›„ ์ด๋ฏธ 50๊ฐœ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ(Refinish) ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กด, ์ œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋“ค๋œฌ ๊ธฐ์šด์ด ๋А๊ปด์ง€์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO John, this is Vince. Let me add a little here. The precursor to this was really the scraping of the data that Tim described. So we were fortunate, a couple of years ago we digitized a lot of our data -- so that we think that puts us in a -- maybe the pole position, certainly in the front row in the industry because of that activity was very time consuming, and we did it a couple of years ago that allowed us to now take advantage of that digitized data.**Vincent Morales:** ํŒ€์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 2๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ ๋‘ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์•ž์ž๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of John McNulty with BMO Capital Markets.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ BMO ์บํ”ผํƒˆ ๋งˆ์ผ“์˜ John McNulty๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
John McNulty: BMO Capital Markets Equity Research Tim, over the last couple of years, you've dialed back investment in inorganic growth. You've really focused internally, and it seems like it's delivered. You've gotten share gains, like you were saying from technology, from service, the whole 9 yards. And it seems like you're able to outpace your markets right now. I guess, as we look forward, just given the strength of the balance sheet, the strength of the cash flows, is that still pretty much the main focus where, look, inorganic growth really isn't necessary for PPG going forward and you keep focusing on the internal opportunities? Or have you played a lot of that out? And now that you're in a stronger position, do you start looking maybe a little bit more aggressively at acquisitions? I guess how should we be thinking about that?**John McNulty:** ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ๋„ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ ๋น„์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ PPG์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „๋žต์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ณ„ํš์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
CEO & Chairman: John, great question. So they're both important to us. But the tip of the spear, as I always say, continues to be building this organic growth and margin engine because I believe in many, if not most of the cases, we can deliver better shareholder returns by making those investments in organic growth, organic productivity, organic cost out, et cetera. Now, we still will do acquisitions, either bolt-ons or someday transformational. We still believe that the industry needs some consolidation, and we're supporters of that. We still believe there are acquisitions that will add value to PPG's customers and shareholders that can be tuck-ins from a technology standpoint or reinforce our position somewhere. But I would say that it's organic first; we still look at every opportunity, we put it through a filter of, is it the right asset that's consistent with our enterprise growth strategy, where it gives us a strong #1 or #2 or reinforces a strong #1 or #2. Is it the right asset? Is it the right time given everything else that we have going on so that we can ensure that we cannot fall back in a trap where we had built this excellent inorganic muscle, but not an excellent organic muscle. So is it the right time that we can still do both, if you will. And most importantly, is it the right price, especially given where our depressed or undervalued stock price is, -- when you do the mathematics and say, well, okay, it's organic first. And on some of these inorganics, man, I'm better off buying shares. So I want to make sure everybody recognizes that all of those are on the table, organic investment, inorganic investment, share repos, but we run them through this filter to make sure that all of our decisions are maximizing shareholder value.**CEO & Chairman:** ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“ฏ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ง„ ์—”์ง„์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘(M&A)๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณผํŠธ์˜จ(bolt-on) ์ธ์ˆ˜๋“  ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋žต์  ์ธ์ˆ˜๋“  ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์—…๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์™„์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”, PPG ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์šฐ์„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ 1์œ„๋‚˜ 2์œ„ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์ธ๊ฐ€? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•จ์ •์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์šฐ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘(M&A) ๊ฑด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์†”์งํžˆ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜์ด ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ํˆฌ์ž๋“ , ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ด๋“ , ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์ด๋“  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Matthew DeYoe with Bank of America.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฑ…ํฌ์˜ค๋ธŒ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋งคํŠœ ๋””์š” ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Matthew DeYoe: BofA Securities, Research Division I'd also echo John's comments that congrats on the career and the retirement. I wanted to walk through some of the corporate cost inflation and bucket some of this stuff out across potential sources. I mean you're not the only Coatings company to talk about healthcare inflation, and I get that, but where is that coming in? And kind of related, does it make sense to align compensation fully to organic growth if there isn't commensurate EBIT accretion because it's helping the top line, but it also seems to exacerbate the headwinds from some of the other unabsorbed fixed costs.**Matthew DeYoe:** ๊ธฐ์—… ๋น„์šฉ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž ์žฌ์  ์›์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ฌ์Šค์ผ€์–ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์‚ฌ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” EBIT ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋งค์ถœ ์ƒ์œ„์„ ์—๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธํก์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—ญํ’์„ ๋” ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Matt, I'll take this first, and then I'll let my short-timer CFO here take it from there. The leading answer here is medical claims in Q4, Vince will explain it. We're a pay-as-you-go company. They exceeded our expectations. The second piece is incentive comp. Now you got to remember, some of that is a year-over-year comp issue, right? Because we were drawn down our incentive comp accruals in Q4 of last year because of overall performance. And in this year, we were -- we had done the same, but then we came in stronger in Q4, much stronger in Q4 on 2 of our 3 metrics that guide our incentive payout -- our short-term incentive payout. It's an important point, the short term versus long term. I'll get to that in a second. So our short-term incentives are based on 3 metrics: organic growth, EPS growth, and cash, cash flow. So on 2 of those 3, we finished better than expected. So that increases the payout. But a lot of that all came in Q4, so we had to catch up for the full year, right? So when you compare that to last year's comp, it looks like a big number. I want to reinforce, though, we are not overpaying ourselves or our team because the total payout is still less than target. Now another point to your point about kind of how do you balance all these different metrics. If you look at the grand total compensation for our executives, including myself, the TSR payout, which is an important factor if you look through our proxy, that is not paying out. We have not performed there. The other one is on our restricted shares, we did not meet our EPS growth for that payout. So some of our longer-term payouts for the year will be significantly below target. But that kind of just explains how and why you see that delta in the Q4.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, Matt. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ณง ๋– ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ CFO๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์š”์ธ์€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํด๋ ˆ์ž„(medical claims)์ธ๋ฐ, Vince๊ฐ€ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰(pay-as-you-go) ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ ˆ์ž„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ธ์€ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋น„๊ต ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ ๋ฆฝ๊ธˆ์„ ์ค„์˜€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์ ์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ 2๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณง ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ, EPS ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ 2๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธ‰์•ก์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘๋…„ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ € ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€๊ธ‰์•ก์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ”๋А๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ž„์›์ง„์˜ ์ด ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, TSR(์ฃผ์ฃผ์ด์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ) ์ง€๊ธ‰์•ก์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ธ๋ฐ, ์œ„์ž„์žฅ ์„ค๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 87

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ฃผ์‹(restricted shares)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ, ์˜ฌํ•ด EPS ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€๊ธ‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰ ์ง€๊ธ‰์•ก์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes, Matt, I'll just add to a good summary by Tim. The prior year, again, we lowered our Q4 incentive comp as we ended the year lower than we expected. And we came into Q4 this year, a strong fourth quarter, organic growth exceeded, strong cash flow, especially in the latter part of December in receivables, welcomed and our cash from ops was $500 million higher than the prior year. As Tim mentioned, we did not hit our EPS target. So we are not getting the target payout for that. Flipping back to the medical. We are a company that's pay-as-you-go. We -- as I talk to my peers in the industry, we do see folks, we think, pulling some medical expenses into 2025 ahead of some potential inflation in 2026. So our medical costs year-over-year were up significantly in Q4 and particularly in December. So hopefully, that answers some of the questions you had on corporate expenses.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, Matt, Tim์ด ์ž˜ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด์ค€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด์š”. ์ „๋…„๋„์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ท„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๊ณ , ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ 12์›” ๋ง ๋งค์ถœ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์šด ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ . ์˜์—…ํ™œ๋™ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ 5์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Tim์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” EPS ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š”(pay-as-you-go) ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—…๊ณ„ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 2026๋…„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์„ 2025๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ, ํŠนํžˆ 12์›”์— ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฒ•์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Michael Sison with Wells Fargo.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Wells Fargo์˜ Michael Sison๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Michael Sison: Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division A couple of quick questions. On Architectural EMEA, that's a business that has struggled to grow, I mean, end markets, I understand. But why is that a good business for you all to keep longer term? And maybe what's the growth algorithm there? And maybe similar on Industrial Coatings. Again, I understand end markets have been tough, but how do you see those 2 businesses grow longer term? And then -- and just curious if Vince is going to take the [ Browns ] coaching job because I don't think anybody else wants it.**Michael Sison:** ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ… EMEA ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์–ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์—ญ์‹œ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Vince๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์Šค ๊ฐ๋…์ง์„ ๋งก์„ ๊ฑด์ง€๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ๋ฐ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ์š”.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Let me answer that question first, Mike. I think that's a hopeless job. So I'm trying to retire, not go into a hopeless job.**Vincent Morales:** ๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Mike. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€, ํฌ๋ง ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
CEO & Chairman: I think he's already declined it officially, too. So Mike, the 2 answers to the 2 businesses you asked about are very different. One is an ongoing macro issue, and that's Architectural Europe. The other one is really kind of a tariff and time stamped issue, and that's general industrial. But let me talk about Architectural Europe. It's been a depressed volume market for years, as has much of the European economy. Two years ago, I guess, 3 years ago now, 2023, which was depressed, we generated record earnings and record cash that goes all the way back to 2008. So even in depressed markets, we can generate good earnings and good cash, and we don't spend that cash within the business. We use that cash to supplement what we're trying to do in some of our higher growth businesses. What's happened in the last couple of years is the volume decline has been pretty pronounced. At this point last year, one of the things we missed, frankly, was we were projecting some upside in the market. We are not projecting upside in the market this year. We're saying flat, flattish for the whole year. But we're not waiting. We're not sitting around waiting for this macro to improve. It still makes good money for us. But with the actions we've started to take and will take throughout the year, we'll see margin expansion, cash generation expansion out of this business as we move through 2026. So it's not our best growth business, certainly, but it can deliver, has delivered good earnings, good cash in a challenging macro.**CEO & Chairman:** ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ, ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ด์Šˆ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ž์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ์™€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ž์žฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด, ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2023๋…„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3๋…„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์นจ์ฒด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2008๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ณ  ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์นจ์ฒด๋œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์žฌํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„ ์ด๋ง˜๋•Œ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์นœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ „๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ, ๋ณดํ•ฉ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์•‰์•„์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๊ณ„์† ์ทจํ•  ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2026๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์ง„ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์‹ค์ ๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด์™”๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes. Before Tim goes on to industrial, Mike, I just want to remind everybody that this is a maintenance cycle business. We did have significant growth during COVID, so 2020, 2021. So the maintenance cycle clock reset. Typically, this is a 5- to 6-year maintenance window. So we're now getting to that fifth year where repaint typically would occur. So some of the volume declines in the past couple of years really have been because we pulled forward maintenance into those COVID years.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ํŒ€์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ 2020๋…„, 2021๋…„์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ์…‹๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 5~6๋…„์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ 5๋…„์ฐจ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์žฌ๋„์žฅ์ด ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‹น๊ฒจ์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. In Industrial, very different. It's a bit more cyclical than -- probably our most cyclical business is Auto. Second most will probably be our General Industrial because you're essentially painting big hunks of metal that get moved around the world. And so with the tariff uncertainty and what that's done to confidence of some of our customers, that's been dialed back and then what that's done from consumer affordability. So some of those folks are struggling. But we do see sequential improvement in this business. What's interesting is we see really good sequential improvement in places like Europe and Latin America, largely driven by share gain. We see sequential improvement in things like heavy-duty equipment, not ag related, but construction related. We see some sequential improvements in transportation and powder and in a broad category of general finishes. But we still see challenges in the U.S. market, and we still see challenges in a small part of what we do in China is exported to the U.S., about 10% of what we do in China and think electronics and kitchen and bakeware, those kind of things remain depressed a bit. So the industrial story is more of a timing one, and we are starting to see green shoots. We are starting to win share, and we'll start to launch those share wins as we move through 2026.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ(General Industrial) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์šด์†ก๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ธˆ์† ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์— ๋„์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ด€์„ธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฝ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ธ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฅ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋†์—…์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค์šฉ ์žฅ๋น„ ์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์†ก ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ง ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์žฌ(general finishes)์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ, ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์šฉํ’ˆ, ์ œ๊ณผ์šฉํ’ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฐ์—…์žฌ(industrial) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์—์„œ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , 2026๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Jeff Zekauskas with JPMorgan.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ JPMorgan์˜ Jeff Zekauskas๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Jeffrey Zekauskas: JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division Your Performance Coatings revenue expectation for 2026 is flat to up low single digits. And in that segment, you've got Aerospace and you've got Auto Refinish. If Aerospace grows at a high single-digit rate in order to meet that guidance, Refinish has to contract at a high single-digit rate or a mid- to high-single-digit rate. Is that the correct conclusion to draw? And for Vince, how many shares did you buy back this quarter? And what did you spend?**Jeffrey Zekauskas:** 2026๋…„ Performance Coatings ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋งค์ถœ ์ „๋ง์ด ๋ณดํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์ €๋‹จ์œ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์žฌ๋„์žฅ(Auto Refinish)์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋„์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๊ณ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ƒ์œ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋‚˜์š”?

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Vince์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์€ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
CEO & Chairman: Jeff, I'll take the first one. I don't think we're seeing that much of a decline, more like low to mid for Refinish in the first half. If you think sequentially, what did we see in Q3, Q4? We saw double digit, then we saw high single digit. So I'd say you ought to say that, that slope continued towards normalization as we move through the quarter. Remember, I mean, traffic is quite small there, but we also have a nice PMC business in there that's not small that will contribute to some of the grand total of what we guided to for the year.**CEO & Chairman:** ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ(Refinish) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํญ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ, PMC ์‚ฌ์—…๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes, Jeff, for us, from a share repurchase perspective, we bought just under 980,000 shares at an average price of about $102. And we spent, as we said in the press release, around $100 million in the fourth quarter.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ์ œํ”„. ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์•ฝ 102๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 98๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งค์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Ghansham Panjabi with Robert W. Baird.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Robert W. Baird์˜ Ghansham Panjabi๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ghansham Panjabi: Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Research Division Vince, congrats from our team as well. I wish you the best in retirement. Just a quick one on raw materials -- sorry.**Ghansham Panjabi:** ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ W. ๋ฒ ์–ด๋“œ ์•ค ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ, ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นˆ์Šค, ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€๋„ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์€ํ‡ด ํ›„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ž์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO I'm still here till July, but thank you.**Vincent Morales:** 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ง ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ghansham Panjabi: Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Research Division Yes. I understand. Just an early congratulations. On the raw material side, as it relates to guidance, can you just give us a bit more color as to the constituents as you think about some of the major ones like TiO2, petros, et cetera, it looks like you're guiding flat for the year and also flat for the first quarter, but some of the spot markets were weaker into the fourth -- from the fourth quarter of 2025. So just curious as to which categories may be inflating as well?**Ghansham Panjabi:** ๋„ค, ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ถ•ํ•˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ž์žฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ, TiO2(์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„), ์„์œ ํ™”ํ•™์ œํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ž์žฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์™€ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ˜„๋ฌผ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. So first, Ghansham and a public service announcement for everybody. This is not Vince's last earnings call, and I don't want Vince to think it's his last earnings call. He's still got 6 more months of work to do here. So -- but thank you for the kind words, and we'll have lots of kind words as we get closer to his actual date. But Ghansham, high level, it's still a very long favorable to us supply-demand balance. So across the board, that generally means good pricing for us. But what offsets that, a couple of things. I put them in 3 categories. Epoxies are up a bit because of tariffs, right? And that's included in our guide. And that obviously affects more of the industrial businesses. So it doesn't affect Deco companies because most Deco products do not have epoxy. So when you compare to what others might say, the epoxies is one. The second one is pigments, but let's not put TiO2 in that. I'd say more of the specialty pigments. We are seeing some inflation there driven by tariffs because those things come from all over the world, okay? And the other category that's up is metal packaging, and everybody knows what's happening on the aluminum and steel tariffs. Those are really the only categories that I can think of that are up in our guide. TiO2 is still pretty soft. Just given the supply/demand, we've been doing some supplier consolidation. We've been working volume commitment deals for pricing. So that one is still pretty soft. You know what oil is doing. So that drives solvents to be. And then across the board, everything else is still in a very long situation. Add it all together, and we come up with flat for Q1, flat for the year.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๋จผ์ € Ghansham, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ณต์ง€์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด Vince์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Vince๋„ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚˜ ๋” ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ๋ง์”€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ํ‡ด์ž„์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Ghansham, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธ‰-์ˆ˜์š” ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ํญ์‹œ(epoxy) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ด€์„ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€์— ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ฝ”(Deco) ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ์ฝ” ์ œํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ์—ํญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—ํญ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ TiO2๋Š” ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ๋ฃŒ ์ชฝ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ด€์„ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์† ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„๊ณผ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ๊ด€์„ธ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค์—์„œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

TiO2๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฝค ์•ฝ์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์•ฝ์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฝค ์•ฝ์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฉ์ œ(solvent) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ๋ฆฌ๋“œํƒ€์ž„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes. And I'll just remind everybody what we said at the outset, we do have targeted pricing that we institute either in the back half of 2025 or we'll institute in 2026, including in Q1. So we do expect higher pricing for 2026.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” 2026๋…„ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 2026๋…„์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2026๋…„์—๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Josh Spector with UBS.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ UBS์˜ Josh Spector๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Joshua Spector: UBS Investment Bank, Research Division I just wanted to ask on Mexico. I don't know if there's a way you can maybe index your volumes for where you are today in fourth quarter versus a year ago? Because obviously, there's some easy comps in first half with all the liberation day disruptions. But it seems like the fourth quarter performance might say you're even above where you were coming into last year. So can you help us square that away a little bit, it would be helpful.**Joshua Spector:** UBS ์ธ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋จผํŠธ ๋ฑ…ํฌ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฐจ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ €ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž‘๋…„ ์ดˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Let me give a high level, and then I'll let Vince give the details because he's doing the math in his head here. So we definitely finished pretty strong in Mexico. And if you look kind of sequentially at how we move through the year, we're down, call it, mid-single digits in Q1, up low single digits Q2, up mid-single digits Q3, up high single digits Q4. Now where that puts us relative to year-end '24, I'll give that to Vince.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” Vince๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์—์„œ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 2024๋…„ ์—ฐ๋ง ๋Œ€๋น„ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ„์น˜์ธ์ง€๋Š” Vince๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes, Josh, if you look at the fourth quarter as a stand-alone basis, and again, there's 2 parts of our Mexican business. There's the retail or consumer segment. There's also the project segment. The retail segment has continued to grow. The project segment is the one that had contracted the most in the first half of the year. Fourth quarter over fourth quarter, just on the volume basis, we're right around mid-single digits higher. And again, some of that's recovery. And we expect, again, in the first quarter, a good volume based on an easier comp.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, Josh. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋งค ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋งค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์œ„์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ •๋„ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณต์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์ €ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Laurent Favre with BNP.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ BNP์˜ Laurent Favre๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Laurent Favre: BNP Paribas, Research Division I want to go back to the, I guess, M&A discussion. I understand what you're saying on buybacks versus M&A. But there are some pretty obvious situations with assets coming out or potentially coming out of the recent announcements in Germany, Amsterdam and Philly. Now I think it's unlikely that we'll have any clarity before the second half of 2027. So am I right to assume that this might be a very quiet year for buybacks as you wait to get clarity on what's happening on those situations?**Laurent Favre:** ๋…์ผ, ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด, ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ 2027๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
CEO & Chairman: No. I wouldn't say that, Laurent. I would say, look, our balance sheet is strong enough that we've got optionality if something gets spit out of either of those 2 deals and if it makes sense to us at the right price, we've got optionality to do something there in 2027 without it impacting our ability to do buybacks in 2026. We're -- I think we're on 9 straight quarters of buybacks now. And we run a play, Vince, myself, our Treasurer and our corporate development guy sit down every quarter and say, what's the pipeline look like, what's cash flow look like, and we make a decision on buybacks. And we'll continue to do that because even if we make a buyback and then all of a sudden, I get a phone call saying, "Hey, there's something on the table here from one of these deals that's being spun out." I'm not worried about my ability to do both.**CEO & Chairman:** ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Laurent. ์ €ํฌ ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋А ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋“  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ ์ • ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด 2027๋…„์— ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 2026๋…„ ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž… ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ 9๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค Vince, ์ €, ์žฌ๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์•„์„œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€, ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์‚ฌ์ฃผ ๋งค์ž…์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„, "์ด๋ด์š”, ์Šคํ•€์˜คํ”„(spin-out)๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์˜ค๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Frank Mitsch with Fermium Research, LLC.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Fermium Research, LLC์˜ Frank Mitsch๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Fermium Research, LLC: Tim, I hope you can understand some of the confusion we have regarding Vince's retirement date since many of us had already assumed that he was. So I appreciate your clarification there. I want to drill into a little bit about the first quarter here. In the script, I don't want to make too big a deal about it, but in the script, you described the first half as being low single-digit EPS growth. And in your comments this morning, you talked about it being flat to low single digits in the first half of the year. Obviously, you didn't provide any 1Q guidance. Can you just speak to your expectations in terms of 1Q? I mean, I guess, flat, down, modestly up, all that's in the calculus as we sit here in late January.**Fermium Research, LLC:** 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ EPS ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, 1์›” ๋ง ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณดํ•ฉ, ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์†Œํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ ˆ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Frank, by the way, I made that clarification not only for you, but I made that clarification [Technical Difficulty] fixed date. And I will publicly acknowledge it. You were right a year ago that Aaron Rodgers would be better with us than anything he could do with the Jets. So we'll leave that out there. So look, here's the easiest way to say it. We're going to ramp up in our EPS growth. I said flat to low single digits for the first half. So I would interpret that as flattish for Q1, low single digit-ish for Q2 and then stronger in the second half of the year.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, Frank. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ [๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ] ํ™•์ •๋œ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋…„ ์ „์— Aaron Rodgers๊ฐ€ Jets์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”. ์ž, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต(EPS) ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์—ฌ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณดํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€, 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋˜๊ณ , ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Mike Harrison with Seaport Research Partners.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Seaport Research Partners์˜ Mike Harrison์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Seaport Research Partners: Tim, in response to one of the first questions you were asked on this call about organic growth and kind of what was running ahead of expectations, I was surprised to hear you not specifically mentioning China. It sounded a little bit like a specific, but it's ahead of expectations. Could you talk about what you're seeing in China and I guess in particular, what you see as we're kind of heading into the Lunar New Year and [Technical Difficulty]**Seaport Research Partners:** ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹  ์ ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜์™ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํŠนํžˆ ์„ค ์—ฐํœด๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Mike, I'm glad you asked that question because I want to clarify. I was responding by business, by vertical, not as much by geography. So I appreciate the opportunity to do that. Despite all the headlines, we're growing in China. We grew in Q4 in China and will grow in 2026 in China. It's because we have a strong position of local-for-local businesses. We're well positioned in the kind of the right industries. But more broadly, Asia Pacific is very strong for us because India is doing great for us. Parts of Southeast Asia are doing great for us. So if you look at specifically China going forward, we'll see low single digits kind of growth, maybe mid-single digits kind of growth in 2026. So it's not the growth of a decade ago, but it's also not the gloom and doom that you see, at least for our portfolio because we're in the right places with the right kind of offering for the customers. If you move to India, India has delivered double-digit growth for us throughout most of 2025. We expect that to continue into 2026. So part of that overall Asia Pacific story is China still putting up growth numbers, India contributing with double-digit growth numbers.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ. ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ณ„, ์—…์ข…๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , 2026๋…„์—๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ง€ํ™” ์‚ฌ์—…(local-for-local business)์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฐ์— ์ž˜ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋” ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ „๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, 2026๋…„์— ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ์–ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”์šธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ์ธ๋„๋Š” 2025๋…„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ 2026๋…„์—๋„ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด ์•„์‹œ์•„ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์‹ค์ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Eric Boyes with Evercore.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์—๋ฒ„์ฝ”์–ด์˜ ์—๋ฆญ ๋ณด์ด์Šค๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Eric Boyes: Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division My question is back to Aero. I appreciate the intra-business mix breakdown as Aero becomes a bigger percentage of the segment. From a profitability and margin standpoint, how would you rank order Aero Coatings, Transparencies and Sealants? And then maybe also on customer mix, military versus G&A and commercial. And then I think you mentioned the OEM tailwinds, but how do you see the product mix for Transparencies and Sealants evolving in '26 and beyond?**Eric Boyes:** ์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ Aero ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Aero๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏน์Šค ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ์  ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ง„ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ Aero Coatings, Transparencies, Sealants๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฏน์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„, ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ OEM ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, 2026๋…„ ์ดํ›„ Transparencies์™€ Sealants์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฏน์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Eric, this is Vince. As we've never done, we don't give our intra-business profitability by product or by end market. As Tim said in his opening remarks or in one of the Q&A questions, it's certainly one of our better performing businesses due to the technology and specification requirements. So -- but we're not going to give product-specific profitability.**Vincent Morales:** ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋นˆ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ œํ’ˆ๋ณ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์‹œ์žฅ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ€์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฐœ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์–‘ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œํ’ˆ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. As far as some of your other questions, mix of OEM, military and general aviation, I think we provided that pie chart and the growth rates among those 3 are very similar, which helps the portfolio. And to Vince's point, look, we're giving more detail on aerospace because we don't believe it's fully understood because we have a competitor that has a very -- I'll give them props. They've got a very good aerospace coatings business. This is much more than that. And as I said in my opening comments, coatings is actually the minority of our total profile here. So I don't know if I've addressed all your questions. I know you're particularly interested here because I believe you're a pilot or Air Force pilot -- so we'll be happy to show you how we make F-35 canopies someday or F-16 canopies. I'm not sure which bird you flew.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, OEM, ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต์˜ ๋ฏน์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ , ์ด ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฐœ์–ธ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ฝ”ํŒ…์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด ํ”„๋กœํ•„์—์„œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ์ด์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ตฐ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์‹œ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ F-35 ์บ๋…ธํ”ผ๋‚˜ F-16 ์บ๋…ธํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ข…์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes. And if you look again, by end market, we do sell to OEM, we sell to military and general aviation. All those markets right now are sold out. All the products we have are sold out, hence the capital increase we've had the last couple of years. Also the operating expense increase as we have folks trying to debottleneck our existing operations. These operations are specified and qualified. So they do require significant handholding as we change processes.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ตœ์ข… ์‹œ์žฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” OEM, ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์™„ํŒ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋งค์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์„ค๋น„ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์ถฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์–‘์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ณต์ •์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: Yes. And one more point, and then we can move on, but it's also significant R&D in this business. That's why we're able to command a better margin, better than the rest of -- or better than many parts of our portfolio because of the significant long-cycle R&D investment that it takes to win in this space.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ R&D ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋“ค, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ R&D ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of James Hooper with Bernstein.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฒˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ํ›„ํผ ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
James Hooper: Bernstein Institutional Services LLC, Research Division My question is on auto OEM and the share gains there. Can you unpack a few more of the drivers for us, please? Is this to do with kind of your positioning in China? Or is it to do with your customers gaining share of the auto OEM market? And can you give us a little update about some of the technology offering there? Is that a driver of share gains?**James Hooper:** ์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM๊ณผ ๊ทธ์ชฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œ๊ณต ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ข€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์˜ ๋™์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
CEO & Chairman: Yes. Thank you, James. It's a little bit of all of those. I mentioned there is some element of customer mix there where one of our customers where we have a fairly large share of wallet had a rough couple of years. They're recovering now, and that helps us to some degree. But most of what we're winning on, we've been introducing lower cure products. We've got a new electric code product out there that is -- brings more productivity and some sustainability benefits to our customers. We've been doing very well with automotive parts in that business. We've been doing well with particular large EV manufacturer based in China who, despite some headlines of what's happening to the EV market, is doing very well, both domestically and export, not to the U.S., obviously, but to many other countries. So it's a combination of some customer mix, some new technology wins and some, as Alicia, who runs the business for us calls it, targeting to win with the winners, partnering with those that are going to win in the marketplace and developing and bringing them their best value proposition and then growing with them.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, James. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฏน์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ‘ ์ ์œ ์œจ(share of wallet)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ํšŒ๋ณต ์ค‘์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ €๊ฒฝํ™”(low cure) ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ(electric code) ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ํŠน์ • ๋Œ€ํ˜• EV ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด์™€ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. EV ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ, ์ด ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฏน์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ด๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” Alicia๊ฐ€ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” '์Šน์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ' ์ „๋žต์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ๋งบ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes. As we said all year, we did pick up some significant share in South America as one of our competitors exited the market. We realized the full quarterly benefit of that in Q4. We had some benefit in Q3, full quarterly benefit in Q4. That will carry over into the first half of 2026.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ์—ฐ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”. 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 2026๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: We've also got, as I said in my opening remarks, in addition to the carryover, there's another significant double-digit millions share wins that will launch throughout 2026 that we won in late 2025.**CEO & Chairman:**

์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋‘์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด์›” ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์™ธ์—๋„ 2025๋…„ ๋ง์— ์ˆ˜์ฃผํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋‘ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ, 2026๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ถœ์‹œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Patrick Cunningham with Citigroup.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์”จํ‹ฐ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ ์ปค๋‹ํ–„ ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Patrick Cunningham: Citigroup Inc., Research Division Just a quick one on Protective & Marine. You seem to call out normalization to industry growth rates. It seems like you still have some nice marine products that are ramping up. So are there any share losses offsetting in 2026? And what would you expect the overall industry growth rate to be across the platform?**Patrick Cunningham:** ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—…๊ณ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๋กœ์˜ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ค‘์ธ ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 2026๋…„์— ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes, Patrick, this is Vince. There are just really 2 factors there. Tim mentioned 11 consecutive quarters of volume growth, organic growth. That's compounding. So we're running up against some very difficult comparables. This is a project-oriented business. So as projects roll off, we have to win new projects. So those are 2 of the factors. We do feel good about our technology, as you mentioned, and that's going to continue to allow us to carry the day.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ. ๋นˆ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ€์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด 11๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์† ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๋น„๊ต ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CEO & Chairman: And you specifically mentioned Marine. Marine is a particular area of strength for us right now. We've been disproportionately winning in aftermarket of dry docks because of our SIGMAGLIDE technology. This year, we've also been disproportionately winning in Asia new builds. So marine continues to be a real strength for us as well then on the protective side, some of our specialty fireproofing products.**CEO & Chairman:** ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด์–‘(Marine) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” SIGMAGLIDE ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ฑด์‹ ๋„ํฌ(dry dock) ์• ํ”„ํ„ฐ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์€ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‹ ์กฐ์„  ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉ์‹(protective) ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๋‚ดํ™”(fireproofing) ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Arun Viswanathan with RBC Capital Markets.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ RBC ์บํ”ผํƒˆ ๋งˆ์ผ“์˜ Arun Viswanathan๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Arun Viswanathan: RBC Capital Markets, Research Division Congrats on the impending retirement, Vince. Great, great working with you over the last several years. So I guess, first off, just wanted to dig back into the operating leverage and corporate expense question. So it looks like you're guiding to about 4% EPS growth. If I back into it, it looks like about 3% EBITDA growth. And as you show on the slide, flat to low single-digit up organic growth. So I think you mentioned price would be slightly positive. So that would kind of imply flattish to maybe even slightly down volumes. Is that correct? And then I guess, as a follow-on, is it really that volume number that we need to see go higher that would drive the operating leverage? Or are the corporate expenses going to be structurally higher and kind of mute that in the foreseeable future? How do we kind of get to the point where you do see kind of a lot of the fruits of your labor paying off and you see that actual EPS growth come through?**Arun Viswanathan:** ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘์‹  Vince, ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์˜์—… ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋น„์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด EPS ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 4% ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด EBITDA ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 3% ์ •๋„์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ์š”. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ (organic growth)์€ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์†Œํญ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ณดํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›„์† ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ, ์˜์—… ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?

์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ณธ์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‡„๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์„ ๋งบ์–ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ฃผ๋‹น์ˆœ์ด์ต(EPS) ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?

CEO & Chairman: Yes. Thanks, Arun. I'll take it first, Vince will fill in the details. First, we're not seeing structural change in our corporate expense going on, right? That's going forward. Vince will explain that. The biggest issue with our lack of leverage with the volume growth that we're getting today is first, second and third, the Refinish destocking because it's just such a strong margin for us that a lot of the other gains until that stabilizes, and you'll see it in the second half of the year as normalization happens there. But that's like kind of #1, #2 and #3 is the reasons why you're not seeing more leverage. We'll continue to gain incremental volume going forward, and that will bring incremental leverage. Pricing will bring incremental leverage. We've got the cost outs, which will continue bringing incremental leverage. And in the second half of 2025, all those happen, but they got overshadowed by 2 things: one, the Refinish destocking; and two, corporate interest. So with that, let me throw it to Vince and fill in the details.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”. ๋นˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ฑ์žฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ๋„, ๋‘˜์งธ๋„, ์…‹์งธ๋„ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์›Œ๋‚™ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ต๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ์ •์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜ 1, 2, 3์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ฑ…์ •๋„ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2025๋…„ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” Refinish ์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๋ณธ์‚ฌ ์ด์ž ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ Vince์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์„œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes, if you look at 2026 versus 2025, a couple -- the segments are going to grow mid-single digits or higher in aggregate in terms of segment earnings. We do have higher interest costs, like most companies, we have some very low-cost debt rolling off. We had 3 maturities, 2 maturities in 2025 roll off. We have another maturity in early '26 roll off. We're replacing that in kind in absolute dollars, but not at the same interest rate. So unfortunately, our interest costs are higher in '26 versus '25. In addition, and most companies are also seeing this, we're seeing a slight increase in our tax rate, and that's driven around a variety of different factors, especially in different jurisdictions. So those 2 items are a bit of a detractor, but the segment results, we are seeing growth year-over-year in 2026.**Vincent Morales:** 2026๋…„๊ณผ 2025๋…„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด์ž ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„์— 2๊ฑด์˜ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 2026๋…„ ์ดˆ์— ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฑด์˜ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ธˆ์•ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจํ™˜ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 2026๋…„ ์ด์ž ๋น„์šฉ์ด 2025๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์„ธ์œจ๋„ ์†Œํญ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๋“ค, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ ๊ด€ํ•  ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ์‹ค์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” 2026๋…„์— ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Laurence Alexander with Jefferies LLC.**Operator:** ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Jefferies LLC์˜ Laurence Alexander๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Laurence Alexander: Jefferies LLC, Research Division Just 2 quick ones. First, on the AI investments, given it's -- you're leveraging internal projects, do you have enough data to see what your paybacks are like on incremental investments? And secondly, on the share gains in industrial, do you expect those to be pro or contracyclical? If demand accelerates, do you expect the rate of share gain to accelerate?**Laurence Alexander:**

๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, AI ํˆฌ์ž ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ์š”, ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(payback)์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฐ์—…์žฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœ์‘์ ์ผ์ง€ ์—ญ์ˆœํ™˜์ ์ผ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์†๋„๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋นจ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?

CEO & Chairman: Yes, Laurence, let me take both and Vince can fill in anything. The AI -- so first of all, it's still early days, right? We are -- yes, part of our increase in operating expense and capital expense is because of the AI. We've got a few runs on the board that have delivered millions to the bottom line, not yet material to the company, but very favorable early indicators relative to the investments that we made that this will be a very good ROI for us as we go forward. And you consider the fact that we've -- only [ AI CoE ] optimized 50 formulas that are commercialized so far, and we've only launched one that was AI developed so far. And if you look at the size of our pipeline, the materiality is yet to come. But even today, we are booking savings to the bottom line with what's already been launched. So very confident in the ROI going forward.**CEO & Chairman:** ๋„ค, ๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ €ํฌ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” AI ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์–ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ(material) ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํˆฌ์ž ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ (ROI)์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ AI ์šฐ์ˆ˜์„ผํ„ฐ(CoE)๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•œ ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด 50๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ , AI๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๋„ ์•„์ง ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถœ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํˆฌ์ž์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ (ROI)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vincent Morales: Senior VP & CFO Yes. On the industrial side, Laurence, we would expect our share gains to be additive if there's a cyclical recovery here. As Tim mentioned earlier, this is one of our early warning businesses, both up and down, kind of the canary in the coal mine. We have seen in past and expect at some point green shoots in this business. And then with our share gains and technology offerings on top of that, we'd expect it to be additive.**Vincent Morales:** ๋„ค, ์‚ฐ์—…์žฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Tim์ด ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์ ์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back over to Alex Lopez.**Operator:** ํ˜„์žฌ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ Alex Lopez์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Alejandro Lopez: Director of Investor Relations Thank you, Warren. We appreciate your interest and confidence in PPG. This concludes our fourth quarter earnings call.**Alejandro Lopez:** 200000

Warren๋‹˜, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PPG์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Operator: This concludes today's conference call. You disconnect.**Operator:** ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฝœ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ ์š”์•ฝ

# PPG 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์  ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์ฝœ ์š”์•ฝ

## ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ

โ€ข **์‹ค์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค**: 2025๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๋งค์ถœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  +3% ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ. 2026๋…„ EPS ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์•ฝ 4% ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ์ œ์‹œ. ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” flat~์ €๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™” ์ „๋ง. ์‹ค์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž…์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ .

โ€ข **์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ๋™ํ–ฅ**: ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ(๊ณ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ง€์†, ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ์•ฝ), ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ(์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์œ ํ†ต์žฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ • ์ง€์†, ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ •์ƒํ™” ์˜ˆ์ƒ), ํฌ์žฅ(์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋‘์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ), ์ž๋™์ฐจ OEM(์‹œ์žฅ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์„ฑ์žฅ) ๋“ฑ ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ. ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์žฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ •์ด EBITDA ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ œ์•ฝ ์š”์ธ.

โ€ข **์›์ž์žฌ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ**: 2026๋…„ ์›์ž์žฌ ๋น„์šฉ flat ์ „๋ง(๊ด€์„ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ํญ์‹œยทํŠน์ˆ˜์•ˆ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์Šน, TiO2๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ธ). 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๊ธ‰์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€(ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ยท์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ) ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹˜.

โ€ข **์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž**: ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ ์šฐ์„  ์ „๋žต ์œ ์ง€